Planning in Allerdale

Sports, Leisure and Open Space

The Council will seek to maintain, enhance and protect the provision of formal and informal sports and recreation facilities and public open space throughout the Plan Area. The improvement of play, sports and other public open space provision will be delivered in the following ways: a) By identifying deficiencies in indoor and outdoor sports and leisure facilities/open spaces, as identified in adopted Open Space, Sport and Recreation strategies, and by ensuring that new development makes quantitative or qualitative improvements to provision in line with these strategies; b) By requiring residential developments to make provision for well designed public open space, either through on site provision of new open space or by financial contribution to enhance or create off-site provision and management of public open space (based on standards set out in adopted Open Space, Sport and Recreation strategies) c) By securing, where appropriate, developer contributions towards the creation of new areas of open space, or sports facilities, in localities where a deficit has been identified within the Open Space, Sport and Recreation Study, or where development may lead to a deficit; d) By ensuring that new indoor sports and leisure facilities are located in the most sustainable locations in accordance with town centre policies; e) Through giving priority to addressing the deficiency in the provision of play and recreation spaces designed for children and young people; f) By ensuring the ongoing protection and improvement of both new and existing provision through appropriate management and maintenance arrangements; g) By encouraging and securing more community use agreements with schools and private sports facilities. For major employment and retail developments, the Council may seek the provision of open space, in addition to the landscaping and public realm requirements to provide amenity for users. Where open space is to be provided as part of a development, the amount, type and form will be determined having regard to the nature and size of the development proposed and the community needs likely to be generated by it as identified in adopted Open Space, Sport and Recreation strategies. The Council will seek to safeguard existing areas of open space, land and buildings used for sports and recreational activities, having regard for deficits and surpluses identified in Open Space, Sport and Recreation strategies. Development proposals that will result in the loss of open space, sports and recreational facilities will not be permitted unless: h) An assessment has been undertaken which has clearly shown the open space, buildings or land to be surplus to requirements; or i) The loss resulting from the proposed development would be replaced by equivalent or better provision in terms of quantity and quality in a suitable location; or j) The development is for alternative sports and leisure provision, the needs for which clearly outweigh the loss. Development on land adjoining areas of public open space, sports and leisure facilities that would erode the quality and/or jeopardise its use and enjoyment by the public will be resisted. The Council will protect the structure, character, principal components and setting of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest.

Community and Rural Services

Proposals for neighbourhood community facilities will be supported where it can be demonstrated that the service will enhance the sustainability of the community and conserve and enhance the heritage, character and local distinctiveness of the area. In the case of retail, the maximum size of any unit acceptable will be determined by the needs arising in the catchment and will not undermine the vitality and viability of any other centres. The Council will protect existing community facilities which provide for people's day to day, social and cultural needs. Proposals which would result in the loss of an existing community facility will be refused unless it can be demonstrated that: a) Alternative facilities are similarly accessible by walking; b) There is no known demand for the continued community use, and evidence has been submitted of genuine efforts having been made to market and sell the enterprise as a going concern or to sell or let the property as premises for its current use. A robust marketing exercise will be agreed with the Council.

Safeguarding Amenity

Support will be given for proposals which make a positive contribution to the area by maintaining or improving the quality of the environment and amenity. The development of new housing or other environmentally sensitive development will normally be resisted in locations where there is potential to incur statutory nuisance or poor standards of residential amenity by virtue of impacts such as air pollution, noise, smell, dust, vibration, light or other pollution. Proposals will not be supported where they would: a. Result in pollution or hazards which prejudice the health and safety of communities and their environments, including nature conservation interests and the water environment which cannot be overcome by appropriate mitigation measures; b. Result in a detrimental effect on the local area in terms of visual amenity, distinctive character or environmental quality; c. Generate severe highway infrastructure or network problems in relation to access, road safety, traffic flow or car parking; d. Have an unacceptable effect on residential amenity and surrounding land uses in terms of loss of privacy as a result of overlooking, or increased sense of enclosure as a result of overbearing development or a loss of sunlight/daylight received by the property as a result of overshadowing; e. Cause significant adverse environmental impact in relation to landscape, biodiversity or geodiversity, cause pollution to the water environment or cause deterioration of the Water Framework Directive Classification Status; f. Unduly prejudice the satisfactory development or operation of adjoining land and/or the development of the surrounding area as a whole.

Improvements to the Public Realm

The Council will seek to secure ongoing improvements to the visual, functional and inclusive quality of the public realm across the Plan Area. Proposals involving improvements to the public realm will be expected to: a) Contribute positively and respect the local character and context of the site, the area and its wider surroundings. b) Demonstrate an integrated and unifying theme through the use of complementary surfacing and hard landscaping materials; c) Incorporate tree planting and green infrastructure, wherever possible; d) Ensure that art installations and street furniture do not clutter or obstruct pedestrian thoroughfares or cause a hazard to people with a visual and/or mobility impairment; e) Take account of safety and security issues and seek to provide appropriate levels of visibility and lighting; f) Avoid light spillage or glare which would cause a hazard to road traffic or a nuisance to neighbours. In the case of proposals affecting designated or non-designated heritage assets the Council will expect, in additional to compliance with above criteria, the use of materials and street furniture that preserve and enhance the special character of the area and/or building.

Advertisements

The Council will grant express permission for well designed and appropriately located advertisements. Proposals for advertisements of inappropriate design, size, colour, materials or illumination, where they are considered to have a detrimental impact, either individually or cumulatively, on amenity, character or public safety will not be permitted. Proposals for internally illuminated signs within protected landscapes, Conservation Areas or on Listed Buildings will be strongly resisted.

Standards of Good Design

Housing Density The Council will consider appropriate housing density on a site by site basis with decisions informed by local context of the area in terms of design considerations, historic or environmental integration, or identified local need. Design and Layout of New Development The Council will seek to ensure that the design and layout of all new development creates neighbourhoods and areas with a sense of place, that are well integrated and compatible with existing development. New development will be required to: a) Reinforce and respect the existing development pattern with regards to plot size, building heights and frontage widths, particularly where they contribute to local character. Consideration should be given to the impact on existing developments at the boundaries of the site; b) Respect and respond positively to the distinctive qualities of the location and integrate with the characteristics of the site, ensuring that all external materials and boundary treatments are appropriate to the design and distinctiveness of the development, site and location. c) Development should take advantage of green infrastructure assets, topography, landscape and waterscape features, historic or biodiversity assets. Developers will be encouraged to retain existing features of interest within the site including trees, hedgerows, becks and streams. d) Create an attractive environment that provides appropriate levels of open and amenity green space, privacy and amenity for the occupants of the properties; e) Provide appropriate vehicular access, parking and turning arrangements and facilities for cyclists and pedestrians. Suitable consideration should also be given to providing appropriate access for those with disabilities; f) Make clear distinctions between public and private spaces, promote natural surveillance by ensuring routes and paths are overlooked and demonstrate the inclusion of measures to reduce the potential for crime and disorder. Landscaping within Development Development proposals will be required, where appropriate, to be accompanied by landscaping schemes in order to mitigate any visual impact and integrate the development into its wider surroundings. Where required landscaping schemes should form an integral part of the layout of development proposal, contributing positively to the provision of green infrastructure in the local area and, where possible, enhancing local biodiversity. Landscaping schemes will be expected to: g) Retain existing trees, hedgerows, walls, fences, paving, and other site features which contribute to the character and amenity of the area; h) Include appropriate soft landscaping (including tree and plant species, location, sizes and numbers) which respect the landscape characteristics of the site, its setting, and its potential effect on adjacent land uses; i) Include appropriate hard landscaping including furniture such as seating and play equipment together with surface and boundary treatments, which respect the landscape characteristics of the site and its setting; j) Maximise the nature conservation and biodiversity value of the development through the incorporation of hard and soft landscaping features that facilitate the creation of wildlife habitats. k) Conditions will normally be imposed on any planning permission for developments proposals including landscaping schemes in order to ensure their timely implementation, which will typically be the first available planting season. l) The Council may also require developers to enter into planning obligation in order to ensure that landscaped areas, public open spaces, local areas of play or neighbourhood areas of play to be provided within new developments are properly replanted, replenished and maintained in the future to ensure continuity of use.

Extensions and Alterations to Existing Buildings and Properties

The Council will seek a high standard of design for proposals that involve the alteration and/or extension of existing buildings within the Plan Area. Planning applications for alterations, extensions to or additional buildings within the curtilage of existing properties will be permitted provided that: a) The scale, design and materials of the development would not adversely alter the appearance of the existing building; b) The development achieves a satisfactory visual and architectural relationship with adjoining development and/or the character of the area; c) The extension would not become the dominant feature of the building; d) The extension will not result in overdevelopment of the curtilage of the property; e) The extension would not materially harm the amenity of the occupants of neighbouring or adjacent properties; f) The operational car parking needs of the property would continue to be met.

Design Principles

Proposals for all new development (including conversions, extensions and alterations) will therefore be required to demonstrate high standards of design and must: ∑ Be visually attractive, of appropriate scale and appearance; ∑ Respond positively to the character, history and distinctiveness of its location and integrate well with existing development; ∑ Improve connections between people and places through the provision of well thought out layouts, public realm, landscaping, streetscape and public and private green spaces; ∑ Enhance, protect and integrate effectively with the historic and natural environment; ∑ Function well by ensuring suitable standards of access and amenity are achieved and maintained in relation to the development itself and the local area; ∑ Safeguard environmental quality and the amenities of occupiers of both proposed and existing property; ∑ Incorporate sustainable construction methods that reduce energy consumption and allow for future adaptation in response to changing life needs; ∑ Optimise the potential of the site by ensuring appropriate density and mass of development and considering, where appropriate, mixes of use that might be incorporated, such as green and other public space. These should be considered in the context of the identified needs of the area; ∑ Make appropriate provision for those with reduced mobility and/or disabilities; ∑ Ensure the development provides a safe environment which maximises personal safety and minimises opportunities for crime and antisocial behaviour. Applications for developments which offer a poor standard of design and which fail to positively contribute to the character or quality of the site and surrounding area will be refused.

Development Principles

New development will be concentrated within the physical limits of Principal, Key and Local Service Centres, Limited Growth Villages and appropriate development adjacent to Infill / Rounding Off Villages as identified within the settlement hierarchy. The scale of the development proposed will be expected to be commensurate to the size of the settlement and reflect its position within the hierarchy. Where available and if appropriate the Council will encourage and prioritise the effective reuse of previously used land and buildings or vacant and underused land. For settlements within the hierarchy, proposals, including conversions, will be acceptable provided that the proposed development is in conformity with all policies set out within the Local Plan and: a) The development is of a scale and design which will not detract from the character of the settlement; b) The development includes acceptable arrangements for car parking and access; c) The capacity of local infrastructure and/or environmental assets would not be exceeded by the proposed development; d) The site of the proposed development is not considered to have significant amenity value; e) The site is not considered to make a significant contribution to the character of the settlement in its undeveloped state; f) The development will not incur any significant harmful effects on environmental or heritage assets, habitats or wildlife, which cannot be successfully mitigated. As well as fulfilling the above criteria, development within / adjacent Infill/Rounding Off Villages will: (i) Be of a scale that is sympathetic to the role of the settlement and respect its appearance and physical capacity; (ii) Be within or well related to the form of the settlement and to existing buildings within the settlement; (iii) Protect, maintain or enhance the local distinctiveness, character and landscape and historic setting of the settlement, and Development within Infill/Rounding Off Villages must not: ∑ Result in the loss of important historic, green infrastructure or natural features which provide valuable local amenity; ∑ Exacerbate the adverse effects of ribbon development ∑ Result in further adverse effects of areas of sporadic development in otherwise open countryside ∑ Result in settlements joining together.

Protection of Employment Sites

Proposals for redevelopment or to de-allocate existing employment sites or land, to an alternative use may be granted where the applicant has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Council that; a) All or part of the site does not, and could not be reasonably be upgraded to meet the current or long term needs of modern business; b) The loss of the site would not significantly impact upon the long term supply of the Plan Area employment land in terms of quality and quantity; c) It would not undermine the spatial strategy of the local plan. In circumstances where land is released from employment use, the Council will give due regard to market signals and give preference to the following in sequence: d) A mix of employment and non-employment uses excluding residential; such as schemes that incorporate social infrastructure including compatible D1 uses such as education and training facilities, day centres, clinics and health centres; e) A mix of uses which provide employment opportunities will be preferred to single-use residential development. In the lower tier of the settlement hierarchy live/work units will be supported; f) Proposals for change to single-use residential use will only be considered where it can be demonstrated that criteria d) and e) has been satisfied, and; g) Only on sites within settlements that accord with the spatial strategy and are defined in the Settlement Hierarchy ; and h) Where applicants have considered the local housing allocation and provide robust evidence that there are no suitable alternatives for the proposal. In all cases the proposal must not compromise the character and function of the surrounding area, and should be consistent with other relevant Local Plan policies.

Expansion and Intensification of Employment Sites

Proposals to expand or intensify existing employment sites will be permitted where: a) The scale of the development will not cause a significant adverse effect on; transport, housing, provision of services, neighbouring uses, or the conservation of the environment, Natura 2000 sites, or historic assets; and b) There will not be material harm to the amenity of local residents; and c) Effective measures have been agreed to address increased traffic movements such as encouraging modal shift; and d) The proposal accords with the other relevant Local Plan policies. Where sites are located in primarily residential areas and proposals would cause overriding problems, the Council will seek to assist in identifying alternative sustainable locations with a preference for allocated employment sites and previously developed land that would be more appropriate for the resulting activity.

Farm Diversification

Proposals for the diversification of farm and other land-based enterprises will be permitted where: a) The character, scale and nature of the proposal can be satisfactorily integrated into the rural landscape; b) There is not a significant adverse effect on amenity, biodiversity and geodiveristy or Natura 2000 sites; c) The development conserves and enhances the historic environment and historic assets; d) The proposal forms part of a comprehensive diversification scheme and is operated as part of a sustainable farm or appropriate land-based enterprise and will contribute to making the existing business viable; e) The proposal will not undermine viability of services within the settlement or retail hierarchy; f) The proposal should make use of existing buildings wherever possible and where new or replacement buildings are required, the development is in scale with the surroundings and well related to any existing buildings on the site; g) Effective measures have been agreed to address increased traffic movements. Development should be of appropriate design, scale and appearance and should not be detrimental to the rural character of the area in terms of visual impact, traffic and other activity generated or other impacts.

Equestrian and Agricultural Buildings

Proposals for stables, equestrian activities and agricultural buildings in the countryside will be permitted provided: a) New development is, where possible, closely related to existing farm buildings or other groups of buildings, and where this is not possible, development is designed and sited to minimise impact on the landscape setting; b) Buildings respect and enhance the rural character of the local area in terms of design, scale, siting, external appearance and construction materials; c) It can be demonstrated that there is not a significant adverse effect on: i. Local amenity (light, air quality/emissions, noise, odour, water pollution); ii. Landscape and visual qualities such as the character and sensitivity of the surrounding landscape; iii. Nature conservation features, biodiversity and geodiversity, such as Natura 2000 sites, protected habitats and species, sites of international and national nature conservation value, including features outside the sites boundaries that may be affected by the proposal and the activities that result; iv. Historic assets. d) The proposal includes appropriate measures for the disposal of manure and waste; and e) Proposals for larger scale private or commercial equestrian enterprises or agricultural businesses should; i) be well related to the primary road network; and ii) not compromise highway safety or the free flow of traffic; and iii) provide an adequate level of off road facilities to allow operation of the business.

Land and Premises

The Council will plan proactively to support sustainable economic development by ensuring sufficient quality employment land is available to accommodate current and future needs identified in S3. The Council will ensure a diversity of quality sites is available to meet new and existing business needs across the Plan Area and as such, Strategic, Business Park and Local Needs Sites will be set out in the Site Allocations DPD. Existing employment sites and allocations will be retained and safeguarded until these are reviewed through the site allocations process. During the review the Council will consider whether the sites meet, or can be improved to meet the needs of modern business and consider opportunities to de-allocate sites of poor quality which may be better suited to alternative uses. The Council will develop robust criteria in order to review site suitability and where de-allocation is suggested priority will be given to alternative uses in sequence. The Council will support development, redevelopment and change of use proposals within employment sites as defined on the Proposals Map, providing that the proposal is included within the use class B1, B2, B8 or appropriate Sui generis (employment). Proposals for office B1(a) will be directed to defined town centres, and will be expected to satisfy the appropriate tests outlined in national policy to confirm they cannot be located as such. Proposals out with these uses will only be permitted where they also accord with other plan policies. The Plan will support the upgrade, extension or intensification of existing business where the scale and use are appropriate for the local area and the proposal does not result in overriding adverse impacts on the surrounding area. Proposals outside allocated employment land or that are currently used for employment uses will be discouraged and developments directed in sequence to existing allocations and then previously developed land within the settlement. Where proposals are able to demonstrate why they cannot be appropriately located, they will be considered on their merit taking into account local impacts and other Plan policies.

Energy Coast Innovation Zone

The Council will work with partners to maximise the economic opportunities identified in the West Cumbria Economic Blueprint by supporting the Energy Coast Innovation Zone through: a) Allocating land in line with its aims and objectives; b) Prioritising important land for investment and maintaining a portfolio of high quality sites; c) Supporting tourist development of Allerdale's harbours; d) Playing a key role in delivering supporting infrastructure, such as road and other transport upgrades, Port of Workington, energy, broadband and community infrastructure as well as an appropriate stock of housing; e) Supporting development that contributes towards improving education, training and skills; f) Supporting other key projects identified in the implementation plan. In recognition of the importance of key sites to achieving the aims and objectives of the West Cumbria Economic Blueprint the Local Plan will support and encourage the appropriate development of the Lillyhall Industrial Estate and Port of Workington.

Rural Economy

The Council is committed to supporting the economic prosperity and sustainability of rural communities by enabling appropriately scaled economic development. New Business Uses in Rural Areas Encouragement will be given to new business uses of appropriate size and nature within the settlement hierarchy. Including: a) The provision of small employment units that serve local and community needs, and the development of multi user 'workhubs' within Local Service Centres and Rural Villages; b) New and innovative methods of working such as 'live work'; combining small flexible business and residential space in to a single unit. In the open countryside new development will only be permitted where the proposal involves the appropriate re-use of rural buildings, or: c) In the case of a 'live work' unit, as an extension to an existing dwelling; d) Has a locational requirement, such as an equestrian development. Expansion of Existing Rural Businesses Proposals for the expansion of existing businesses will be supported outside of the settlement hierarchy where it can be demonstrated that it is an established business and it is not viable to relocate within the settlement hierarchy, and proposals; e) Re-use existing buildings wherever possible; f) Which seek to expand the business outside of the existing curtilage must demonstrate that that it is essential to the needs of the business; g) That involve any new buildings or extensions must be of appropriate scale and nature to their location; Farm Development In order to support the continued economic viability of farming and other land based enterprises, the Council will support proposals; a) For the diversification of activities that are of a scale and nature appropriate to the location; b) For appropriately designed and related agricultural development and buildings. In all cases development should not have significant adverse effect on nature conservation features, biodiversity and geodiversity, including Natura 2000 sites, habitats and species, and should accord with all other plan policies.

Education and Skills

The Council will work with partners to support and encourage development that contributes towards raising the level of education, skills, opportunities and innovation. Development of education and skills will be promoted through: a) Supporting the development of higher and further educational facilities; such as the continued development of the Energy Coast Campus; b) Proactive planning policies to support the Energy Coast Innovation Zone and the integration of innovation and research and development together with skills, education and training; c) Encouraging new skills development and commercial opportunities with further education partners in support of economic objectives while capitalising on current resources; d) Enhancing enterprise and training and skills for the local workforce by working in partnership with education facilities and employers to promote lifelong learning and skills development; e) Working with partners to proactively plan for the provision of schools in the right location and of sufficient size for future population requirements.

Sustainable Construction

The Council will require all new development to mitigate against the impacts of climate change by seeking to achieve the highest levels of sustainability. Development proposals will be expected to: a) Minimise the amount of surface water run off by incorporating measures such as Sustainable Urban Drainage systems (SuDS), permeable surfacing, water storage systems and green infrastructure; b) Minimise the consumption of water by incorporating measures such as water efficiency and water harvesting/recycling devices; c) Reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption through the use of construction materials that maximise energy efficiency and the incorporation of low carbon/renewable energy sources and by giving consideration to the orientation of buildings; d) Consider use of construction products that minimise the impact on the environment, such as locally-sourced and recyclable materials; e) Promote sustainable waste management through the provision of recycling and composting facilities and where practicable, facilities for onsite collection; f) Minimise the level of environmental pollution and the impact on local ecological habitats and networks. All residential developments will be encouraged to achieve Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) Level 4 (or any successor) and all non-residential developments the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) assessment rating 'Very Good' standards.

Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Technologies

The Council will seek to promote and encourage the development of renewable and low carbon energy resources given the significant wider environmental, community and economic benefits. Proposals where impacts (either in isolation or cumulatively) are, or can be made acceptable will be permitted. The Council will take a positive view where; a) Proposals (either in isolation or cumulatively); i) Do not have an unacceptably adverse impact on the amenity of local residents (such as air quality/emissions, noise, odour, water pollution, shadow flicker); ii) Do not have significant adverse impact on the location, in relation to visual impact and impact on the character and sensitivity of the surrounding landscape; iii) Do not have an adverse effect on any European/International protected nature conservation site (including SACs, SPAs and Ramsar sites, candidate SACs, potential SPAs and proposed Ramsar sites) including its qualifying habitats and species, either alone or in-combination with other plans or projects. iv) Do not have a significant adverse effect on any National nature conservation site (Site of Special Scientific Interest; National Nature Reserve), except where the benefits of the development clearly outweigh both the impact on the site and any broader impacts on the wider network of National sites. v) Do not result in loss or harm to a Local nature conservation site, including habitats or species supported by Local Sites, unless it can be demonstrated that there is a need for the development in that location and that the benefit of development outweighs the harm or loss. vi) Do not have unacceptably adverse impact on heritage assets and their settings; b) In the case of wind turbines, it can be demonstrated that the development would not result in a significant adverse effect (either in isolation or cumulatively) on protected bird species, including designated sites and migration routes; c) Appropriate operational requirements are addressed (including accessibility and suitability of road network, ability to connect to the grid, proximity of any relevant feedstock); d) Appropriate measures are included for the removal of structures and the restoration of sites, should sites become non-operational; e) Potential benefits to the local economy and the local community, including agriculture and other land based industries are considered. Within Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site and its buffer zone, and the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty only small scale renewable energy schemes, which preserve the special qualities of these designations and accord with the aims and objectives of their Management Plans will be acceptable. Renewable energy proposals are expected to provide supporting evidence including landscape, visual and environmental assessments and to demonstrate that any negative impacts have been made acceptable. Where mitigation is required to make impacts acceptable these will, where necessary be secured through Planning Obligations. Developers will be expected to work with local communities from an early stage and deliver benefits to the local area where the proposal is located.

Trees, Hedgerows and Woodland

Wherever possible, existing trees, hedgerows and woodland that are considered important to the local community, contribute positively to the character of the area and/or are of nature conservation value will be protected. Proposals that involve felling, removal or are considered likely to cause demonstrable harm to existing trees, hedgerows and woodland will normally be resisted, unless acceptable mitigation or compensation measures can be secured. Felling and/or removal may be permitted in exceptional circumstances where it can be demonstrated that the economic viability of the development is prejudiced and there are proposed wider benefits that outweigh the loss incurred. However where a development poses significant harm to an irreplaceable habitat which cannot be mitigated or compensated for, permission will be refused. Replacement planting that maintains local amenity, the character of the area and nature conservation interest will be required. A tree or hedgerow survey will be required to accompany a planning application when trees or hedgerows are either present on the proposal site or are adjacent to it and are likely to influence or be affected by the development. Details required by tree and hedgerow surveys will be set out by the Council in a Local Validation Checklist.

Green Infrastructure

The Council will promote the creation, enhancement, maintenance and protection of a range of green infrastructure assets that contribute to a diverse network of natural and man-made green and blue spaces, links, habitats and landscapes, which is accessible to all. The Council will work with partners and developers to: a) Promote high quality, attractive places which allow everyone to enjoy direct and regular contact with the natural environment; b) Seek to ensure green infrastructure is woven into new development wherever possible; c) Protect, manage, enhance and create key natural and semi-natural habitats and wildlife corridors, including watercourses, wetlands, woodlands (including ancient woodland and trees) and parklands; d) Seek to alleviate open space deficiencies in existing communities whilst ensuring all new open space provision is high quality, attractive and safe; e) Promote design and management of parks and natural green spaces to increase biodiversity and maximise their function as nature reserves; f) Promote health and fitness through provision of open space and opportunities for community involvement in outdoor exercise, sport and active recreations; g) Encourage use of street trees, where appropriate, to define streets, improve the urban environment and provide linkages in habitat networks; h) Promote creation of multi functional habitat networks, such as communal / private courtyards, pocket green spaces and green buildings, which are responsive to a range of microclimatic conditions and provide an experience of nature on people's doorstep; i) Seek the creation of new and enhanced links and corridors between towns and settlements such as cycle ways and footpaths; j) Promote improvements in air, water and soil quality and more sustainable drainage and flood mitigation solutions; k) Seek the protection and rehabilitation of landscapes and habitats damaged or lost by development or land management practices; l) Maximise opportunities to enhance and create assets which have the potential to attract visitors, create employment and attract investment to the area; m) Explore the potential of existing and new green infrastructure assets to provide opportunities for renewal energy schemes; n) Promote opportunities for farmers, foresters and other land managers to diversify and promote woodland management, including opportunities for new planting schemes; o) Support key specific projects which would contribute significantly to the Green Infrastructure network.

Flood Risk and Surface Water Drainage

Developments should be avoided in locations that would be at risk of flooding or where it would increase the level of flooding elsewhere. Development within areas at the greatest risk of flooding, as identified within the Allerdale Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SRFA) and/or Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA) Local Flood Risk Management Strategy, will be strongly resisted. In order to minimise the risk to people, property and places from flooding, the Council will: a) Assess all proposed development sites through both the Site Allocations process and development proposals against the SFRA and/or LLFA Local Flood Risk Management Strategy and ensure that new development is fully compliant with the national policy and guidance. b) Ensure that developments identified in national policy as requiring a Flood Risk Assessment, should ensure that as a minimum, the scale and nature of the assessment should be appropriate with the development proposals and should be completed in accordance with national policy and guidance. The Council will expect all developers to demonstrate that they have separated surface water from foul drainage to remove pressure on foul drainage system. The Council expect the incorporation and/or retention of soft landscaping, permeable surfaces, water storage systems and infiltration systems (SuDS) to have been considered for all developments. The Council will expect all new developments to defer to the drainage hierarchy, seeking to incorporate Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in preference to discharge to local watercourses or the main sewer. Proposals seeking to discharge surface water to local watercourses or the main sewer will normally be resisted, unless it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Council that: c) Local ground conditions render a SuDS system impractical; or d) The cost of installation, maintenance and, where appropriate, operation would render the scheme economically unviable. In circumstances where a SuDS system is deemed practical and viable, developers will be required to seek the approval of the SuDS Approval Body (SAB) and to submit a management plan outlining how the system will be maintained and managed in the long term. Developers will be required to enter into a planning obligation in order to secure the long term management responsibilities of the SuDS in perpetuity.

Reuse of Land

Previously Developed Land (Brownfield) In line with local regeneration and sustainability objectives, the Council will encourage and where appropriate prioritise the effective reuse of previously developed and vacant sites within the Plan Area. Proposals for windfall development on greenfield sites may be required to carry out a sequential test to demonstrate that there are no available previously developed sites, which are not of high environmental value, within the settlement that could suitably accommodate the scheme. Contaminated and Unstable Land For proposals for development of land where there is risk of potential onsite contamination or ground instability, an investigation into the quality of the land will be required. In circumstances where the proposal involves a site that is known to be contaminated or unstable, the Council will require an assessment to be submitted with the application. This must be carried out by a suitably qualified person to the current British Standards and in accordance with local guidance.

Landscape

The landscape character and local distinctiveness of the Plan Area shall be protected, conserved and, wherever possible, enhanced. An assessment of the impact on the landscape character will be required for all major residential, commercial and industrial developments and may also be required for any other development which the Council considers may impact upon the landscape, particularly within sensitive or protected areas. Cumbria Landscape Character Assessment Toolkit (or successor documents) will be used to inform the detailed assessment of individual proposals. Proposals for development should be compatible with the distinctive characteristics and features of Cumbria's landscape types and sub types. Proposals will be assessed in relation to: a) locally distinctive natural or built features, b) visual intrusion or impact, c) scale in relation to the landscape and features, d) the character of the built environment, e) public access and community value of the landscape, f) historic patterns and attributes, g) biodiversity features, ecological networks and semi-natural habitats, and h) openness, remoteness and tranquillity. The Council will support proposals that involve the removal or a reduction in the impact of existing structures and land uses that are detrimental to the visual quality of the landscape.

Development in the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

All development within the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty must conserve and/or enhance the distinctive landscape character, quality and heritage of the area. When considering proposals for development within the AONB, the Council will ensure that development is in accordance with the aims and objectives of the Solway Coast AONB Management Plan. Proposals both within or adjoining the AONB will be expected to have regard to the Solway Coast AONB Landscape and Seascape Character Assessment and ensure; a) The scale, siting or design of proposed development is appropriate to the landscape setting; b) Existing landscape features are incorporated in a way which preserves or enhances the character of the area and mitigates the effects of development. Planning permission for major developments within the AONB will be considered in accordance with national policy and will be resisted except where exceptional circumstances can be demonstrated.

Protecting and Enhancing Biodiversity and Geodiversity

Conditions for biodiversity will be maintained and improved and important geodiversity assets will be protected. Nationally and internationally protected sites and species will be afforded the highest level of protection. A high priority is also given to the protection of locally identified biodiversity or ecologically valuable assets. The Council will seek positive improvements to the quality of the natural environmental through sustainable development resulting in net gains for biodiversity across the Plan Area. Developments, projects and activities will be expected to: a) Protect and enhance key ecological habitats and wildlife corridors and stepping stones including watercourses and wetlands; b) Maintain, and where appropriate enhance, conditions for priority habitats and species identified in the Cumbria and UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species and habitats or the Cumbria Biodiversity Data Centre at Tullie House; c) Maintain and where appropriate enhance recognised geodiversity assets identified in the Local Geodiversity Action Plan for Cumbria; d) Protect soil and water resources in line with Policy S36; e) Contribute to Allerdale's green infrastructure network in line with Policy S24; f) Protect existing trees, hedgerows and woodland (including ancient trees and hedgerows) that are considered important to the local community, contribute positively to the character of the area and/or are of a nature conservation value. Development that present significant economic or social benefits for the local community may be permitted where the Council, in consultation with relevant partner organisations are satisfied that any necessary impacts can be mitigated or compensated through appropriate habitat creation, restoration or enhancement on site or elsewhere secured via planning conditions, agreements or obligations. Where a development poses significant harm to an irreplaceable habitat which cannot be mitigated or compensated for, permission will be refused.

Air, Water and Soil Quality

The quality of air and water resources within the Plan Area will be protected and opportunities for enhancement will be pursued. Unless adequate mitigation measures can be secured, development proposals will be resisted that would have a demonstrable direct and/or indirect adverse impact on; a) Air quality and/or atmospheric conditions; b) The characteristics of surrounding soils and substrata - through either physical (compaction, erosion) or chemical (pollution, contamination); c) The chemical composition and quality of waterbodies in the Plan Area; d) The Water Framework Directive and the status of the watercourse. Whilst having regard for the economic and other benefits of the best and most versatile land, where development is considered necessary, the Council will seek to ensure the use of poorer quality land in preference to that of a higher quality.

Shoreline Management and Coastal Development

Any proposals for new dwellings or conversion of existing buildings to residential use will not be permitted in the Coastal Change Management Area identified on the Proposals Map. Proposals for new community facilities, commercial and business uses will only be permitted in the Coastal Change Management Area in circumstances where: a) The need for a coastal location can be justified and; b) A Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Assessment has been submitted that confirms that there will be no increased risk to life or significant increase in risk to property. Proposals for new or replacement coastal defence schemes will only be permitted where it can be demonstrated that the works are consistent with the management approach for the frontage presented in the relevant Shoreline Management Plan and there will be no material adverse impact on the environment. Proposals for the relocation and replacement of community facilities, commercial business uses and dwellings that are under significant threat of collapse due to coastal erosion will be permitted, provided that: c) The replacement building[s] is located an appropriate distance inland with regard to the Coastal Change Management Area indicated on the proposals map and other information in the relevant Shoreline Management Plan and, where possible, it is in a location that is close to the coastal community from which it was displaced; d) The replacement building[s] is of a comparable size in terms of volume and floorspace to the existing building[s]; e) The existing site is either cleared and made safe or put to a temporary use beneficial to the local community; f) The proposal does not have a detrimental impact upon the landscape, heritage, townscape or biodiversity of the area.

Heritage Assets

The historic environment including all heritage assets and their settings will be conserved and enhanced in a manner appropriate to their intrinsic historic value and significance, their importance to local character, distinctiveness and sense of place, and to other social, cultural economic or environmental benefits/values. The Council will work with partners to seek the conservation and enhancement of all designated or non-designated heritage assets within the Plan Area. In determining applications that could affect the significance (including character, appearance, historic value, value to people and setting) of a heritage asset and/or archaeological asset, the following factors will be taken into account: ∑ The level of significance of the heritage asset(s). ∑ The impact of the proposal on the significance (including setting) of the heritage asset(s). ∑ How the significance and/or setting of the asset could be better revealed. ∑ Opportunities for mitigating climate change without damaging significance. Only proposals which do not harm any positive qualities of the heritage asset(s) will be approved, unless there is a clear and convincing public benefit to the proposal that will outweigh the harm caused to the asset(s). If the public benefits of a proposal outweighs and justifies the loss of a heritage asset, it must be fully recorded in accordance with agreed criteria which will be proportionate to the value and significance of the heritage asset. Where there is evidence of deliberate or conscious damage to, or neglect of, a heritage asset, the Council will take action that may involve prosecution, serving an Urgent Works or Repairs Notice to prevent further decay or adding the building to the National Buildings at Risk Register. Schemes which help ensure a sustainable future for Allerdale's heritage assets, especially those identified at being at risk of loss or decay will be supported.

Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site

There is a presumption in favour of preserving the fabric, integrity and authenticity of archaeological sites that form part of Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site. Development that would have a detrimental effect on archaeological remains and their setting will be refused. Proposed development in the Buffer Zone should be assessed for its impact on the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site, and particularly on key views both into and out of it. Development that would have an adverse impact on Outstanding Universal Value will be refused. Proposed developments outside the boundaries of the Buffer Zone will be assessed for their effect on the Outstanding Universal Value. Any proposals that would have an adverse effect on this will be refused. New development within Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site and its Buffer Zone, which enhances or better reveals its significance, will be supported. Significant development proposals affecting Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site and its Buffer Zone will require a formal environmental impact assessment to ensure their impacts and implications for the longer term are evaluated in full.

Housing Renewal and Empty Properties

In areas of housing market failure and where there are empty properties the Council will work closely with partners, including the local community, to identify ways in which the neighbourhoods can be strengthened and returned to prosperity. In areas of low demand or unsustainable housing, the Council will encourage proposals that involve; a) Improvement and refurbishment of existing housing stock; b) The delivery of new housing that would improve the social mix of the area; c) Environmental improvements, enhancement of public realm, access and open space. The Council will normally seek to resist the demolition of existing housing stock where possible and will expect the potential for refurbishment and re-use to be fully explored. In cases where the Council is satisfied that refurbishment is economically unviable, unlikely to reverse the market failure or where clearance will enable a wider regeneration project the proposals will be supported. In considering planning applications for the demolition of residential development, the Council will seek appropriate level of site restoration. Large clearance projects will be expected to demonstrate that suitable alternative use has been secured.

Rural Workers Dwellings

Proposals for the construction of rural worker's dwellings outside defined settlement will be supported provided it can be demonstrated that there is an essential need for a rural worker to live permanently at, or near to their place of work. New permanent dwellings in the countryside for rural workers will only be permitted where the business unit is established and has been profitable and economically viable for at least three years and; a) There are no other dwellings or buildings locally which could be re-used to fulfil the need; b) Where a need has been identified, a rural workers' dwelling, should be of a size, cost and construction commensurate with the established functional requirement. For newly-established rural enterprises the Council may consider the stationing of a caravan or other form of temporary accommodation on the site for a limited period of time to allow the viability of the holding or enterprise to be proven over a three year period. In such cases a robust business plan will be required in addition to fulfilling the criteria set out above. Dwellings permitted under this policy will be subject to an occupancy condition limiting occupancy to; a person solely, mainly or last working in the original qualifying business enterprise, a surviving spouse or partner of such a person, or any resident dependants. Proposals for the removal of occupancy conditions would only be permitted if the applicant can demonstrate that long term need for a Rural Workers Dwelling has ceased, and the Council is satisfied that the dwelling has been sufficiently marketed. Where the removal of occupancy condition has been justified, the Council may require it to be replaced by an alternative condition to enable the dwelling to meet an identified local affordable need.

Elderly Needs Housing

The Council will encourage the provision of housing to maximise the independence and choice of older people and those members of the community with specific needs. When assessing the suitability of sites and/or proposals for the development of residential care homes, extra care housing and continuing care retirement communities, the Council will have regard to the following: a) The local need for the accommodation proposed; b) The ability of future residents to access essential services, including public transport and shops; c) Whether the proposal would result in an undue concentration of such provision in the area; d) Impact upon the local environment and the character of the area. In addition to the provision of specialist accommodation, the Council aims to ensure that older people are able to secure and sustain on-going independence either in their own homes or with the support of family members. To enable this, the Council will: e) Encourage the incorporation of Lifetime Homes Standards within all new residential development to enable new housing to be adaptable to meet household needs over time; f) Support evidence-based proposals for the creation of self-contained annexes and extensions to existing dwellings in order to accommodate, for example, an elderly or disabled dependent. Proposals for a self-contained annex should accommodate the functional need of the occupant(s), be proportionate in scale and remain ancillary and subservient to the main dwelling throughout the lifetime of its occupancy. Where appropriate, the Council will consider the use of planning conditions to restrict occupancy and subsequent sale.

Gypsy, Traveller and Travelling Showpeople Sites

To meet the identified long term needs of Gypsies, Travellers and Travelling Showpeople the Council will identify appropriate sites through the Site Allocations DPD. In allocating sites, and for the purpose of considering planning applications, proposals should demonstrate that any development: a) Has safe and convenient access onto the road network, adequate parking and can be accessed by a reasonable range of transport modes; b) Is related to a defined settlement and is located within reasonable distance of community facilities including education and health provision; c) Would offer appropriate level of amenity and privacy to both site occupiers and neighbouring residents/occupiers; d) The scale of the site is in keeping with the local context, character and nearest settled community; e) Does not result in significant adverse effects on the landscape, Natura 2000 sites, biodiversity and geodiversity; f) Conserves and enhances the historic environment and historic assets; g) Includes adequate landscaping, including screening to minimise the potential impact on the surrounding area; h) Can be served by the necessary utilities infrastructure; i) Includes a plan for the long term management of the site; and j) Does not result in industrial, retail, commercial, or commercial storage activities apart from the proven need for storage required in relation to a travelling circus or show.

Spatial Strategy and Growth

Provision will be made for the delivery of at least 5,471 net additional dwellings and at least 54 hectares of employment land over the plan period 2011 - 2029. • Residential development will be phased and managed according to the Housing Trajectory in order to meet at least an annual average net additional dwelling requirement of 304 dwellings per annum and to maintain a rolling five year supply of housing land; • The Council will seek to maintain and review a rolling supply of high quality employment land. New development will be located in accordance with the spatial strategy and will be concentrated within the towns and villages identified in the settlement hierarchy. The scale of development proposed will be expected to be commensurate to the size of the settlement and reflect its position in the settlement hierarchy. Proposals outside of defined settlements will be limited to: a. Housing essential for rural workers in the operation of a rural based enterprise; b. Housing following the rural exceptions policy; c. An appropriate diversification of an existing agricultural or land based activity; d. The optimal viable use of a heritage asset or appropriate enabling development to secure the future of heritage assets; e. A recreation or tourism proposal requiring a countryside location; f. Facilities essential to social and community needs; g. The replacement of an existing dwelling; h. A suitably scaled extension to an existing building; i. The conversion or reuse of a suitable existing building; j. Other development requiring a countryside location for technical or operational reasons.

Reuse of Rural Buildings and Replacement Dwellings in the Countryside

The Council will encourage proposals that involve the conversion and reuse of redundant rural buildings in the open countryside in circumstances where it can be demonstrated that the scheme will contribute to the ongoing sustainability and vitality of the local economy and community. Proposals for the reuse of rural buildings that are located outside of the settlements identified in the settlement hierarchy may be acceptable when: a) The scale of development proposed is proportionate, taking into account the open countryside location; b) Policies in relation to access, parking and amenity can be satisfied without detriment to the building or its rural setting; c) The proposal would not generate any significant increase of traffic on minor and/or unsuitable roads that would be prejudicial to highway safety. Only buildings that are demonstrated to be structurally sound will be considered to be suitable candidates for conversion under the provision of this policy. National policy recognises that in order to promote sustainable development, new isolated homes in the open countryside should be avoided. The Council will therefore give preference to proposals involving the reuse of buildings for business or community uses that will lead to the provision of new business premises or services for local communities. Proposals for the conversion of rural buildings to residential use will only be acceptable in line with national policy and where the building can be converted without substantial alteration to the original footprint. Replacement Dwellings in the Countryside In the open countryside proposals to replace/rebuild dwellings will be acceptable provided that: d) The proposal is well designed, of appropriate scale for its location and does not detract from the character or distinctiveness of the location; e) The relevant building to be replaced substantially exists and is not deemed to have lost its lawful use as a dwelling. Proposals for the replacement of dwellings in the countryside will be only be acceptable in line with national policy and where the building can be replaced without substantial alteration to the original footprint.

A Mixed and Balanced Housing Market

The Council will work with partners to promote sustainable, inclusive and mixed communities by ensuring that all new residential development contributes to improving the balance of housing and meets the identified needs of the whole community. The Local Plan will ensure the development of sustainable mixed communities by: • Maximising the delivery of affordable housing through the Plan Area; • Ensuring residential development makes a positive contribution to the overall housing mix; • Ensuring the sustainable use of housing land and stock; • Making provision for the identified needs of an ageing population and ensuring that the specific requirements of different groups are met; • Improving the quality and suitability of the existing housing stock; • Supporting the essential need for a rural worker to live permanently at, or near to their place of work; • Encouraging high standards of design and infrastructure that create sustainable and inclusive communities.

Affordable Housing

The Council will seek to maximise the delivery of affordable housing across the Plan Area by working with partners, developers and local communities. In order to address the need for affordable housing the Council will seek a proportion of affordable homes from residential development in perpetuity. Affordable housing will be provided on-site, apart from in exceptional circumstances. Within the Principal and Key Service Centres housing development of 10 dwellings (or 0.3 ha) or more will be required to make provision for 20% affordable housing. Given the level of need identified in the Cockermouth Housing Market Area provision will be made for 40% in this settlement. Outside of KSCs housing development of 5 dwellings (or 0.15ha) or more will be required to make provision for 25% affordable housing. The Council will require the provision of affordable housing to be in clusters throughout the development so as to be indistinguishable from open market dwellings. The Council will normally seek a tenure split of 75% social rented and 25% intermediate affordable units, but will take into consideration the identified local need and site specifics, including viability. The Council recognise that in some cases viability of housing sites can be marginal and therefore a flexible approach is required. Where the viability of schemes fall short of the policy requirements, the onus will be on the developer/ landowner to clearly demonstrate the circumstances justifying a lower affordable housing contribution or a different tenure mix.

Rural Exceptions Sites

The Council will support rural affordable housing exception sites in Local Service Centres and Rural Villages, provided that: a) The development will meet or assist in meeting an identified evidence based need for affordable housing in the area, which could not otherwise be met; b) The site is well-related and sympathetic to the form and character of the settlement, demonstrates good design and allows accessibility to community services and facilities within it; c) The scale is in keeping with the settlement's setting and its role in the hierarchy; d) The site is considered to be the most suitable to meet the identified need; e) The applicant enters into an appropriate legal agreement that ensures the accommodation will meet the need for local affordable housing in perpetuity. In some circumstances a small proportion of open market housing may be allowed where it can be shown that the scheme will deliver significant affordable housing and viability is a key constraint.

Telecommunications Development

Support will be given to network telecommunications development where: a) It can be demonstrated that there is no alternative and less visually harmful means of meeting the network coverage requirements of the operator; b) The reuse or sharing of existing facilities has been explored and is not possible due to technical or operational constraints; c) The development is sited, designed, coloured and, where relevant, landscaped to minimise the visual impact and effect upon the character and amenity of the surrounding area; d) There is not a significant adverse effect (either in isolation or cumulatively) on nature conservation features, biodiversity and geodiversity, Natura 2000 sites (including migration routes of protected birds), habitats and species; e) The special character and appearance of all heritage assets and their settings are preserved or enhanced; f) The relevant certificate is submitted confirming the development will operate within the International Commission for Non Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines for public exposure; g) Where the proposal is on or near an education facility, the relevant body has been consulted on the proposal. The Council will consider the use of planning conditions to ensure that antenna and aerials are removed as soon as practicable after their use ceases.

Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects

The Council will actively engage from the pre-application stage with the developer of a Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project to ensure: a) A robust programme of community consultation with the local community and stakeholders is achieved; b) That appropriate mitigation measures are considered to reduce the potential impact on the day-to-day activities of the local community and businesses as a result of the proposed development. This would include the impact on local infrastructure and services; c) That, where appropriate, the developer locates any temporary workers in the Principal or Key Service Centres close to services and public transport routes, reflecting the Local Plan Policies and Site Allocations; d) Sustainable forms of transport will be encouraged to move construction materials and workers during construction, operation and decommissioning; e) The maximisation of the local socio-economic opportunities for the West Cumbrian economy in terms of increased training and employment opportunities, improvements to local infrastructure and the development of local business opportunities. The Council will, where appropriate, prepare and submit a Local Impact Report to the Major Infrastructure Planning Unit as part of the Development Consent Order process. It will seek to assess both positive and negative impact on local communities, jobs and businesses, infrastructure and the natural and historic environment.

Developer Contributions

The Council will work with partners to deliver infrastructure, services and community facilities to improve the sustainability of its communities. In accordance with the provisions set out within national policy, the Council will require new developments to secure infrastructure improvements which are necessary to make the development acceptable by planning condition or obligations. Planning obligations may also be required for the initial and ongoing running and maintenance costs of services and facilities, and to compensate for the loss or damage caused by the development. The infrastructure, facilities and services to which development may be required to contribute include (this list is not exhaustive): Physical infrastructure: Transport improvements (including public transport) and its resulting maintenance; Car parking; Footpaths and cycle ways; Drainage infrastructure; Heritage assets; Flood risk and surface water management; Waste management; Broadband and communication networks; Low carbon energy and renewable energy infrastructure. Social Infrastructure: Affordable housing; Education provision; Community facilities (including health, police); Local employment and training initiatives; Adult social care, fire service and community safety; Green infrastructure: Green Infrastructure, including public open space, play areas and sports facilities; Nature conservation, biodiversity enhancement and mitigation measures; Environmental improvements; Public realm (including public art). It is the Council's intention to introduce a Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) where it is satisfied that it can be done without compromising development viability. The Community Infrastructure Levy will be subject to a separate Development Plan Document. A Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) on developer contributions will be prepared which will set out the formulae and charges which the Council would seek to apply in relation to planning obligations.

Supporting and Safeguarding Strategic Infrastructure

The Council will support priorities and improvements set out in the Local Transport Plan and other delivery documents by working with partners and ensuring development will not prejudice the implementation of proposed schemes and projects. The Council will: a) Support the establishment of viable transport hubs across the Plan Area; b) Protect the approved route of the Workington Southern Link Road from Moss Bay Road to the A596 as detailed in the Local Transport Plan as part of the Strategic Links to Workington Development Areas proposals; c) Protect the routes of strategic transport links as and when route plans become available; d) Seek improvements to the West Cumbrian Coastal Railway service and encourage greater movement of freight via railway; e) Protect and enhance access to the Ports of Workington and Silloth; f) Support efforts to improve the flood resilience of Allerdale's infrastructure; g) Support and lobby for infrastructure improvements required to enable delivery of economic growth and sustainable communities; h) Protect sites for important infrastructure when these become available; i) Support proposals to secure future drinking water supplies for West Cumbria.

Cockermouth Area Policy

In relation to the following issues in the Cockermouth Locality, the Council will: Housing ∑ Taking into account committed development direct approximately 10% of the overall housing growth to Cockermouth amounting to an average of 30 homes per year; ∑ Allow smaller numbers of housing in the Local Service Centres of Brigham and Broughton and the Limited Growth Villages of Bridekirk, Eaglesfield, Greysouthen, Dean, Branthwaite and Tallentire. Reflecting its designation as an Infill/ Rounding Off Village very small scale development will be expected in Broughton Cross, Deanscales, Dovenby, Mockerkin, Papcastle, Pardshaw, and Ullock; ∑ Expect the Site Allocation DPD to allocate appropriate sites to meet the growth targets. Where available the reuse of previously used land will be encouraged, however, given the evidence the majority of sites are likely to be on greenfield land; ∑ Expect open market housing sites in Cockermouth to deliver 40% affordable houses delivered on site (subject to viability). On all other qualifying sites in the Locality the Council will aim to deliver 25% affordable housing targets. ∑ Encourage the provision of housing to meet the needs of the older generation and for people with specific housing needs. Economy ∑ Address lack of available employment sites and increase the range on offer to meet both ongoing local needs and those of the nuclear and energy supply sectors; ∑ Support proposals which build upon the existing vitality and viability of Cockermouth town centre including, allocating land to improve retail provision and choice (particularly convenience); ∑ Implement new town centre boundary which allows the centre to grow and adapt to changing needs over the plan period, ensuring there is enough land available for appropriate development; ∑ Protect designated primary frontages to secure the retail shopping core of the town centre along Main Street and Station Street; ∑ Secure designated secondary frontages which promote wider mixed uses within the town centre such as cafes, restaurants, pubs, bars, etc - which draw visitors along the main town centre area towards the Market Place. Extend the main town centre area to include the Market Place, and encourage and promote this area as a place for leisure and culture; ∑ Support the provision, improvement and protection of small scale retail, leisure and community services in rural settlements; ∑ Encourage tourism proposals which capitalise on the

Sequential Test for Previously Developed Land

In line with regeneration and sustainability objectives, the Council will seek to secure the effective reuse of previously developed land and vacant sites within the Plan Area. Applications for windfall development on greenfield sites may be required to demonstrate through the undertaking of a sequential test, that there are no suitable alternative previously developed sites. The requirement to undertake a sequential test will be subject to the following thresholds: ∑ In the case of the Principal or Key Service Centres: residential development in excess of 7 dwellings or industrial floor space in excess of 900 square metres; ∑ In the case of Local Service Centres: residential development in excess of 4 dwellings or industrial floorspace in excess of 500 square metres; ∑ In the case of Rural Villages: residential development in excess of 2 dwellings or industrial floorspace in excess of 225 square metres. In circumstances where a proposal exceeds the threshold and the need for a sequential test is triggered, developers will be required to extend the search for available and suitable previously developed sites of comparable scale and nature within the settlement, and subject to the economic viability of the site.

Maryport Area Policy

In relation to the following issues in the Maryport Locality, the Council will: Housing ∑ Taking into account committed development direct approximately 12% of the overall housing growth to Maryport amounting to an average of 37 homes per year; ∑ Allow smaller numbers of housing in the Local Service Centres of Flimby, Broughton Moor and Dearham, while the Limited Growth Village of Crosby will see small scale growth. Reflecting its designation as an Infill/ Rounding Off Village very small scale development will be expected in Crosby Villa; ∑ Expect the Site Allocation DPD to allocate appropriate sites to meet the growth targets. Where available the reuse of previously used land will be encouraged, however, given the evidence the majority of sites are likely to be on greenfield land; ∑ Expect open market housing sites in Maryport to deliver 20% affordable houses delivered on site (subject to viability). On all other qualifying sites in the Locality the Council will aim to deliver 25% affordable housing targets; ∑ Target areas of poor housing and prioritise for housing renewal and improvement. Economy ∑ Provide a mix of employment land opportunities across the Locality and support high quality development and refurbishment of existing employment sites such as the Glasson, Solway and Risehow industrial estates; ∑ Support existing and new businesses by welcoming appropriate expansion and promoting flexible business start up and 'move on' space; ∑ Promote Maryport as a key tourism destination and encourage the development of strategic visitor attractions such as the harbour/marina, Roman Maryport and Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site; ∑ Promote the vitality and viability of Maryport town centre by encouraging a greater mix of retail and leisure uses, particularly those which may attract visitors and support the role of Maryport as a tourism and leisure destination; ∑ Implement the new town centre boundary which allows the centre to grow and adapt to changing needs and increase the capacity of the centre to attract new development, such as leisure and cultural facilities. The new town centre boundary bridges the gap between the traditional shopping area of the town and the harbour side where there will be allocated land for new leisure and cultural facilities; ∑ Protect designated primary frontages along Senhouse Street and Curzon Street where the shopping core of the centre will be secured; ∑ Secure designated secondary frontage between the primary retail area of Senhouse Street and the harbour bridge where a wider range of town centre uses such as restaurants, cafes and offices will be encouraged and protected and which will draw visitors from the upper town centre down to the marina area; ∑ Support proposals for the redevelopment of the harbour/marina for a mix of uses, which may include leisure, retail, employment and residential uses; ∑ Support proposals which seek to improve the Maryport's tourism offer with high quality hotel and leisure facilities. Development which supports and maximises the outdoor recreational opportunities available through the harbour/marina, such as sailing and surfing and which relieve visitor pressure on sensitive coastal environments of the Solway Coast AONB and Natura 2000 habitat sites will be particularly encouraged; ∑ Support and promote festivals which draw visitors to the town and support a thriving cultural scene, such as the Maryport Blues Festival. Sustainable Communities and Infrastructure ∑ Work with partners to support the improvement and integration of bus and rail services through the development of a Maryport transport hub; ∑ Support improvements to the West Cumbria Coastal Railway service; ∑ Work with partners to maximise the roll out of superfast and next generation broadband across the Locality to both residential and business users; ∑ Support development which provides and improves leisure facilities and recreational areas for young people; ∑ Support a sustainable future for the Wave Centre; ∑ Support proposals which improve utility provision. Built and Historic Environment ∑ Seek the continued protection of the heritage assets and architecture, particularly within the attractive conservation area including Maryport's Fleming Square; ∑ Continue to recognise the national archaeological importance of the Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site and the Roman fort at Camp Farm. Efforts to progress archaeological investigations in the area shall be supported and protection will be given to the archaeological and historic integrity of Roman Maryport. Natural Environment ∑ Support the development of the England Coast Path, which seeks to establish an unbroken walking route along the coast of England and provide enhanced and secure access to the coastal margin; ∑ Protect and enhance biodiversity and geodiversity assets across the Locality; ∑ Continue to protect the nationally designated historical park of Netherhall which is a locally important area of green space within Maryport; ∑ Continue to safeguard the protected areas of the Solway Coast AONB from harmful development and ensure that all development is consistent with the objectives of the Solway Coast AONB Management Plan.

Presumption in Favour of Sustainable Development

When considering development proposals the Council will take a positive approach that reflects the presumption in favour of sustainable development contained in the National Planning Policy Framework. It will always work proactively with applicants jointly to find solutions which mean that proposals can be approved wherever possible, and to secure development that improves the economic, social and environmental conditions in the area. Planning applications that accord with the policies in this Local Plan (and, where relevant, with polices in neighbourhood plans) will be approved without delay, unless material considerations indicate otherwise. Where there are no policies relevant to the application or relevant policies are out of date at the time of making the decision then the Council will grant permission unless material considerations indicate otherwise – taking into account whether: a) Any adverse impacts of granting permission would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits, when assessed against the policies in the National Planning Policy Framework taken as a whole; or b) Specific policies in that Framework indicate that development should be restricted.

Derwent Forest

In assessing any proposals for the use and/or redevelopment of Derwent Forest, the Council recognises the need to secure a mix of uses for the project to be viable to enable the restoration of the site to an appropriate level of use. The Council will therefore support the following uses either individually or in combination: ∑ Large scale leisure development of a predominately "open" nature; ∑ Hotel/restaurant and conference centre; ∑ A Festival site; ∑ Tourist related development including accommodation to meet a variety of needs, a visitor centre, model farm, forestry and agricultural uses, public art initiatives and appropriate ancillary facilities sufficient to service tourist requirements only; ∑ Residential development, sufficient to achieve the viability of the project and secure the overall restoration of the site; ∑ Eco-Hamlet; ∑ Institution(s) standing in their own grounds, to include education but to exclude prison uses; ∑ Renewable energy schemes of an appropriate scale and character; ∑ Small scale employment space ancillary to the main uses of the site; ∑ Infrastructure to support the development. Other proposals considered as ancillary to the main uses, listed above, will be considered if they make a positive contribution to the viability of the overall scheme, provided such uses are supported by appropriate evidence. Any proposal will be expected to; a) Provide a comprehensive masterplan for the site, including phasing, to be submitted as part of any planning application to ensure delivery of a coherent solution for the site and avoid a piecemeal approach; b) Demonstrate the social, economic and environmental benefits it will bring to the local economy and community; c) Provide a whole site solution and incorporate significant elements of public access, including the continuation and enhancement of the C2C cycle route through the site; d) Give consideration to sustainable modes of transport that will form an important part of any transport assessment/plan required to support proposals; e) Ensure the siting, design and scale of all elements of the proposed scheme are appropriate, and will safeguard and enhance important landscape features, valuable historic assets, existing wildlife species and habitats and demonstrate how the wider landscape context has been taken into account. The proposal will seek to minimise and where appropriate mitigate adverse impacts; f) Ensure that off-site infrastructure is adequate to accommodate any proposals and that the site is remediated to an acceptable level for the proposed end use.

Sustainable Development Principles

The Local Plan will promote sustainable development as a core principle running through the entire plan. All development within the Plan Area, regardless of scale or nature, will be assessed against this policy. Economic - The Council will: ∑ Promote the economic opportunities from the West Cumbria Economic Blueprint including key projects identified in the implementation plan; ∑ Allocate land and premises of the right quality, scale and location to meet the needs of both new opportunities and the expansion of existing businesses; ∑ Support the rural economy by encouraging appropriate new economic opportunities, expanding business, new methods of working, together with traditional industries and farm diversification; ∑ Promote Workington's role as West Cumbria's principal retail and leisure destination; ∑ Enhance town centre vitality and viability by improving the retail, commercial, cultural and leisure offer and quality of the built environment; ∑ Support the delivery of high quality tourism attractions and accommodation as well as key projects; ∑ Support the delivery of school facilities, training programmes and lifelong learning through providing opportunities and the provision of up to date facilities, in particular, supporting the role of the Energy Coast Campus; ∑ Encourage the development of renewable or low carbon energy resources in appropriate locations given the potential wider environmental, community and economic benefits; ∑ Improve communications within the area as well as nationally and internationally, both in terms of digital connections, transport infrastructure and services. Social - The Council will: ∑ Promote sustainable, well designed, safe and accessible places that respect the setting and character of the surrounding area; ∑ Promote inclusive, cohesive and empowered communities and encourage community involvement in the design, development and management of places; ∑ Ensure a good standard of amenity for existing and future residents; ∑ Provide decent homes that meet the needs of households now and in the future; ∑ Promote health, well-being and active lifestyle by protecting, maintaining and enhancing green infrastructure, sports and recreation facilities; ∑ Support the sustainability of communities by supporting a shared provision of services, employment opportunities, physical and social infrastructure and transport options; ∑ Ensure physical and social infrastructure is fit for purpose and support improvements to ensure sufficient capacity for planned development; ∑ Ensure development (either cumulatively or in isolation) will not harm highway safety and does not exceed the capacity of the local transport network. Environmental - The Council will: ∑ Reduce Allerdale's carbon footprint and support a low carbon future; ∑ Ensure that the impact of new development on climate change is mitigated and that a comfortable, resilient and liveable environment is achieved across the Plan Area by adapting to the effects of climate change; ∑ Promote coastal recreation whilst ensuring the protection of habitats, species and landscape; ∑ Minimise the impact on natural resources by avoiding pollution, promoting waste reduction / recycling and by promoting renewable or low carbon energy and avoid sterilisation of mineral resources; ∑ Promote high standards of design that make a positive contribution to the local area and ensure that, wherever possible, existing natural, historic and environmental assets are enhanced and in all circumstances conserved; ∑ Encourage development to incorporate the principles of sustainable construction to improve energy efficiency, provide renewable energy, reduce water consumption and waste and use sustainably sourced materials; ∑ Ensure the efficient use of land and infrastructure, encouraging the reuse of previously developed land that is not of high environmental value; ∑ Ensure that potentially unstable land resulting from historic mining operations is identified, assessed and addressed appropriately; ∑ Conserve and enhance the diversity and distinctiveness of towns, villages and landscapes including the character, appearance and significance of Heritage Assets; ∑ Protect, maintain, enhance and re-connect the range and vitality of habitats and species to allow species to adapt to climate change and create a viable ecological network within and out with the Plan Area; ∑ Ensure that landscape character and local distinctiveness is protected, conserved and wherever possible enhanced; ∑ Minimise the risk to people and property as a result of flooding and ensure that future development will not undermine existing flood defences or other flood alleviation methods; ∑ Ensure the use of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) is explored and implemented wherever possible; ∑ Protect soils, water sources and water quality, and ensure they are resilient to climate change; ∑ Support local food production and farming to reduce the area's food miles by avoiding significant development on the best and most versatile agricultural land where possible; ∑ Minimise the need to travel, promote mixed use developments and increase the opportunities to make journeys by foot, cycle or public transport.

Workington Area Policy

In relation to the following issues in the Workington Locality, the Council will: Housing • Taking into account committed development direct approximately 35% of the overall housing growth to Workington (including Seaton, Stainburn, Siddick and Harrington) amounting to an average of 106 homes per year; • Allow smaller numbers of housing in the Local Service Centre of Great Clifton and the Limited Growth Village of Little Clifton/Bridgefoot. Reflecting its designation as an Infill/ Rounding Off Village very small scale development will be expected in Camerton; • Expect the Site Allocation DPD to allocate appropriate sites to meet the growth targets. Where available the reuse of previously used land will be encouraged, however, given the evidence the majority of sites are likely to be on greenfield land; • Expect open market housing sites in Workington to deliver 20% affordable housing on site (subject to viability). On all other qualifying sites in the Locality the Council will aim to deliver 25% affordable housing targets; • Target areas of empty and poor housing to prioritise for housing renewal and improvement. Economy • Expect the majority of the Plan's employment needs to be met in key sites in the Workington Locality as it is central to the delivery of the Allerdale's economic strategy; • Seek to maximise the strategic economic role of Lillyhall as part of the Britain's Energy Coast Innovation Zone, by promoting the growth of the energy sector, research and development clusters, education and skills, and the development of high quality, large format industrial and commercial uses; • Support the development of superfast and next generation broadband across the Locality, with a focus on the key business locations such as Workington town centre and Lillyhall industrial estate; • Work closely with partners to enable development of land around the Port of Workington to capitalise on and compliment the Port's role in the movement of freight and the potential role in servicing the energy, nuclear and distribution sectors; • Encourage the growth of job opportunities on existing employment sites such as Derwent Howe in order to unlock their potential; • Support proposals for the redevelopment of Derwent Forest site for appropriate uses such as large scale leisure development and tourism activities of a predominately open nature, renewable energy schemes or educational facilities, while protecting and enhancing its heritage and ecological assets; • Support the continued development of the Energy Coast Campus; • Identify land to meet the evidenced need for retail and leisure development within, and on the edge of, Workington town centre, reflecting its role as West Cumbria's principal retail and leisure destination. The Council will seek to improve the vitality and viability of the town centre by supporting a wide and diverse range of shops and leisure uses within the centre and by encouraging a thriving evening economy; • Implement the new town centre boundary which allows the centre to grow and adapt to changing needs over the plan period, ensuring there is enough land available for appropriate development; • Protect designated primary frontages to secure the retail shopping core of the town centre; • Secure designated secondary frontages which promote a wider range of town centre uses, such as restaurants, cafes, bars and offices. Sustainable Communities and Infrastructure • Support proposals in Workington to create a multi modal transport hub with the potential for mixed use development and additional car parking; • Support improvements and enhancements to rail services including the functionality, facilities and bus links at Workington train station; • Facilitate the expansion of the Port of Workington by enhancing important infrastructure such as road and rail access; • Encourage the improvement of health and fitness by supporting the development of a new or improved sports and leisure opportunities, including a new sports and leisure centre in Workington; • Support improvements and better access to existing, or the creation of new, educational facilities within the town of Workington; • Support redevelopment of the Derwent Valley area for a mix of uses that may include leisure and employment. Particular encouragement will be given for proposals that seek to improve and enhance Workington's sports and leisure facilities; • Support development which provides and improves leisure facilities and recreational areas for young people; • Support proposals which improve utility provision. Built and Historic Environment • Seek the continued protection of the attractive historic buildings within the conservation areas of Portland Square, Brow Top and St Michael's; • Conserve and maintain the Grade I listed building and schedule ancient monument of Workington Hall and enhance the exceptional beauty of its historic Curwen Park and gardens and recognise the importance of this area for recreational uses, as a habitat for protected wildlife species and a significant green infrastructure asset; • Recognise the high environmental and amenity value of some brownfield sites in the Locality. Natural Environment • Protect and enhance the special character of the River Derwent and River Derwent Corridors as Natura 2000 sites and the Siddick Pond Site of Special Scientific Interest, as well protecting and enhancing other biodiversity and geodiversity assets; • Support the development of the England Coast Path, which seeks to establish an unbroken walking route along the coast of England and provide enhanced and secure access to the coastal margin; • Support proposals which minimise the risk of flooding and effectively contribute to flood defence management.

Silloth

Housing ∑ Taking into account committed development direct approximately 3% of the overall housing growth to Silloth, amounting to an average of 9 homes per year; ∑ Allow smaller numbers of houses in the Local Service Centre of Abbeytown, and the Limited Growth Villages of Blitterlees, Mawbray and Skinburness; ∑ Expect the Site Allocation DPD to allocate appropriate sites to meet the growth targets. Where available the reuse of previously used land will be encouraged, however, given the evidence the majority of sites are likely to be on greenfield land; ∑ Expect open market housing sites in Silloth to deliver 20% affordable houses delivered on site (subject to viability). On all other qualifying sites in the Locality the Council will aim to deliver 25% affordable housing; ∑ Support efforts to make use of long term empty housing; ∑ Encourage the provision of housing to meet the needs of the older generation and for people with specific housing needs. Economy ∑ Recognise and promote the role of Silloth town as a tourist destination for outdoor recreation including golfing, walking, cycling and horse riding and as the major service centre for visitors to the AONB and Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site. Development for tourism and accommodation facilities will be directed to Silloth and Abbeytown in order to relieve pressure on sensitive landscapes and habitats and support the rural economy; ∑ Encourage appropriate levels of employment growth in accordance with the spatial strategy and promote alternative methods of provision, such as the opportunity for live/work units; ∑ Recognise the importance of the Port of Silloth to the economy of the Locality and wider Borough, while ensuring that development does not result in an adverse effect on Natura 2000 sites; ∑ Promote sustainability by promoting Silloth town centre as the Locality's Key Service Centre and directing retail, leisure and cultural proposals of appropriate scale and nature to the town centre wherever possible; ∑ Support appropriate rural and farm diversification schemes, particularly through the encouragement of small scale tourism development, or food and drink production businesses; ∑ Protect the character and sustainability of rural settlements by protecting village and community services such as local shops, village halls and pubs. Sustainable Communities and Infrastructure ∑ Encourage the enhancement of rural transport links in order to provide access to local facilities to address the issue of rural isolation; ∑ Work with partners to maximise the roll out of superfast and next generation broadband across the Locality to both residential and business users ∑ Support proposals which improve utility provision. Built and Historic Environment ∑ Safeguard and where appropriate enhance the attractive and distinctive Victorian character and architectural heritage within Silloth, including the Green and the town centre. The Council will support development which responds positively to the character, history and distinctiveness of the Locality's historic assets and integrates well with existing development; ∑ Protect Hadrian's World Heritage Site given its status as a designated heritage asset of the highest significance, follow the aims and objectives of the Management Plan and ensure the conservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site. Furthermore, encourage opportunities for new development within World Heritage Site and setting that enhance or better reveal its significance; ∑ Protect the distinctive character of villages and settlements by ensuring all new development respects and enhances existing traditional designs and features. Natural Environment ∑ Continue to safeguard the internationally protected Natura 2000 sites from harmful development as well as protecting and enhancing other biodiversity and geodiversity assets; ∑ Continue to safeguard the nationally protected Solway Coast AONB from harmful development and ensure that all development is consistent with the objectives of the Solway Coast AONB Management Plan; ∑ Support the development of the England Coast Path, which seeks to establish an unbroken walking route along the coast of England and provide enhanced and secure access to the coastal margin;

Aspatria

Housing ∑ Taking into account committed development direct approximately 4% of the overall housing growth to Aspatria amounting to an average of 12 homes per year; ∑ Allow smaller numbers of housing in the Local Service Centres of Allonby and Prospect and the Limited Growth Village of Blencogo, Bothel, Fletchertown, Gilcrux and Plumbland. Reflecting designation as Infill/ Rounding Off Villages very small scale development will be expected in Blennerhasset, Hayton, Langrigg, Oughterside, Parsonby, Torpenhow and Westnewton; ∑ Expect the Site Allocation DPD to allocate appropriate sites to meet the growth targets. Where available the reuse of previously used land will be encouraged, however, given the evidence the majority of sites are likely to be on greenfield land; ∑ Expect open market housing sites in Aspatria to deliver 20% affordable houses on site (subject to viability). On all other qualifying sites in the Locality the Council will aim to deliver 25% affordable housing targets; ∑ Support efforts to make use of long term empty housing, especially within Aspatria town centres. Economy ∑ Encourage appropriate levels of employment growth in accordance with the spatial strategy and promote alternative methods of provision, such as the opportunity for live/work units; ∑ Protect and maximise the use of local employment sites; ∑ Ensure sustainability by promoting Aspatria town centre as the Locality's Key Service Centre and directing retail, leisure and cultural proposals of appropriate scale and nature to the town centre wherever possible; ∑ Implement the new town centre boundary within Aspatria in order to support the retail and leisure services on offer to both local residents and visitors; ∑ Promote Allonby and Aspatria as the coastal and countryside centres for outdoor recreation including walking, cycling and horse riding and those visiting the AONB. Development for tourism including accommodation facilities will be directed to these Key and Local Service Centres within the Locality in order to relieve pressure on sensitive landscapes and habitats and support the rural economy. ∑ Support appropriate rural and farm diversification schemes, particularly through the encouragement of small scale tourism development, or food and drink production businesses; ∑ Work with partners to maximise the roll out of superfast and next generation broadband across the Locality to both residential and business users; ∑ Protect the character and sustainability of rural settlements by setting policies that vigorously protect village and community services such as shops and pubs.

Town Centre Development

Within Town Centres, proposals for large scale retail development must ensure adequate provision for a range of small shops to ensure a good mix of retail floorspace, to provide opportunities for small independent retailers and to avoid the over dominance of national brands at the expense of town centre diversity and distinctiveness. Uses that support the evening economy within town centres will be supported where proposals will not have an adverse effect on the amenity of nearby uses, and surrounding residential areas. When assessing proposals which may have a potentially harmful affect on local amenity (such as restaurants, cafes, betting shops, amusement centres, casinos, nightclubs, drinking establishments and hot food takeaways) the Council may impose conditions to control: a) The hours of opening; b) The effectiveness of measures to mitigate odour, noise and litter nuisance from the premises. Proposals for improvement and replacement of shop fronts will be supported where the design is consistent with the materials and form of the existing building (s) of which it would form part and takes account of any predominant architectural style and materials in the surrounding area. Any new shop front should have an appropriately scaled and detailed framework consisting of fascia, projecting columns and stall-riser. Proposals incorporating external roller shutters and/or grilles will not be supported.

Protecting Town Centre Vitality and Viability

Sequential Approach Proposals for main town centre uses will be approved within the town centre boundaries as defined within the Proposals Map and Appendix 4. Applications for these uses, or extensions of existing uses (extensions over 200sqm) outside of the defined centres will be refused where the applicant has not demonstrated compliance with the sequential approach to site selection as set out in national policy. Impact Assessments Further to complying with the sequential approach, an impact assessment may be required for certain proposals outside of a defined town centre to assess the full extent of potential adverse impacts upon the existing town centre. Proposals for retail, leisure or office development above the thresholds shown in the table below will require an impact assessment. Town Threshold Workington 500sqm Maryport 300sqm Cockermouth 300sqm Wigton 300sqm Aspatria 100sqm Silloth 100sqm Proposals for retail, leisure and office development up to and including the above thresholds will generally be regarded as being of a scale that would not result in significant adverse impacts. Where Impact Assessments present evidence of significant adverse impacts on an existing town centre, development will be refused. Out of Centre Exceptions Proposals for small scale retail, leisure or office development within rural villages or neighbourhood parades will not normally be required to apply the sequential approach where they are contributing to the sustainability of a rural or small community. Proposals for specialist forms of retail development may be acceptable in circumstances where it can be clearly demonstrated that the nature of the business requires an out-of-centre location. Applicants will still be required to demonstrate that the proposal uses the most sequentially preferable site available. Proposals for small scale specialist retail services will be permitted outside of town centres only where it can be demonstrated that the proposal is to perform a wholly ancillary role to an existing or planned use. The maximum size of the unit permitted will not exceed 50sqm. Where planning permission is granted for any out-of-centre development, conditions may be used to: a) Prevent amalgamation of small units to create large out-of-centre units; b) Limit internal alterations by specifying the maximum floorspace permitted; c) Control the type of goods sold.

Town Centre Frontages

Primary Frontages Primary frontages are defined where retail development is concentrated. These are designated, where considered appropriate, to manage the different town centre uses and protect areas of the centre where the singular or cumulative loss of retail may be considered to have a detrimental impact upon vitality and viability. Applications for uses not defined as main town centre uses on the ground floor will be refused. Where primary frontages have been defined, applications for change of use from retail (A1 Use Class) to a non retail (main town centre uses excluding A1 Use Class) will be determined on a case by case basis after assessing the proposal in relation to existing non-retail uses in the area. Applications which, either singularly or cumulatively, result in an over concentration or coalescence of non-retail uses on a single street parade will be refused. Secondary Frontages Where Secondary Frontages have been defined, applications for change of use will be determined on a case by case basis after assessing the proposal in the context of the existing uses in the street parade. Applications for uses not defined as main town centre uses at ground floor level will be refused. Applications which, either singularly or cumulatively, result in an over concentration or coalescence of units within Use Classes A5 or B1 will also be refused. For both primary and secondary frontages, in order to guide decisions relating to actual numbers that constitute over concentration and/or coalescence and the impact resulting from this, the following criteria will be taken into account: a) The location and prominence of the premises within the frontage; b) The floorspace and length of frontage of the premises; c) The number, distribution and proximity:

Town Centre and Retail

The Council will promote the vitality and viability of town centres within the Plan Area by encouraging a diverse mix of uses in high quality environments which attract a wide range of people at different times of the day, and which are safe and accessible to all. The Council will support retail development in accordance with the following hierarchy of centres. Principal Centre: Workington Key Service Centres: Maryport, Cockermouth, Wigton, Silloth, Aspatria Local Service Centres – as defined within the settlement hierarchy. Proposals for main town centre uses will be expected to be located within the existing centres. Retail development will be of a scale commensurate with the settlement's role and function, and will not undermine the balance of the hierarchy. Applications for main town centre uses outside of these defined centres will be refused where the applicant has not demonstrated compliance with the sequential approach to site selection, or where there is clear evidence that the proposal would have a significant adverse impact on the vitality and viability of a nearby centre. Developments which promote diverse and vibrant evening economies within town centres are encouraged where proposals would not have a harmful effect on the amenity of residents or the local area. Town centre development will conserve and enhance the character and distinctiveness of each town centre in terms of high quality design and materials and will ensure the architectural and historical assets of the centre, and their wider settings, are protected and enhanced. The Council will support the operation of markets of appropriate scale and character within the hierarchy. Town centre development will be expected to increase the attractiveness of the built and natural environment through improvements to the public realm and green infrastructure network. The Council will promote the accessibility of towns and villages and support the improvement of public transport links and the cycle and footpath network. The Council will seek to preserve and enhance the distinctive character of Rural Villages and the sustainability of small communities by supporting the creation, improvement and protection of small retail and community facilities which promote social and cultural interaction and provide for people's day to day needs. Support will be given to the improvement of existing, and the creation of new facilities which are of appropriate character and scale and where the proposal is justified and is compatible with its location.

Tourism, Coastal and Countryside Recreation

Proposals for new tourism attractions and facilities will be expected to be located sequentially as follows: a) Principal, Key and Local Service Centres; b) Rural Villages and other locations where the attraction has a locational dependence upon an existing heritage or environmental asset and is consistent with environmental objectives. In sensitive coastal areas and countryside, any new tourism development should be of an appropriate design and scale in keeping with the rural character of the area. Development should not result in significant adverse effect (either directly or indirectly) on the coastal or countryside landscape, wildlife or habitats, particularly within the Solway Coast AONB AONB, and Natura 2000 sites, and should conserve and enhance historic assets including the Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site. Support will be given to measures which would relieve tourist pressures on the most sensitive areas of the Borough and which would protect vulnerable habitats, biodiversity, landscapes and historical assets. Proposals will be encouraged which support key tourism projects and destinations which have the transformational potential to significantly improve the social and economic prosperity of the area, such as: i) Maryport Harbour ii) Derwent Forest iii) Derwent Valley iv) Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site v) Solway Coast AONB Proposals which offer new or improved visitor accommodation will be supported within Principal, Key and Local Service Centres. Tourism accommodation will also be supported in other locations where it has no significantly harmful impact (directly or indirectly) on the countryside or coast in terms of landscape quality or ecological / biodiversity value, is of appropriate scale and design and it: c) Forms part of a farm diversification scheme; d) Forms part of an extension proposal for an existing hotel or guest house and it will enhance or maintain the viability of the business; e) Forms part of an extension, realignment or relocation of an existing camping or caravan site to a less sensitive location which would reduce the impact on nature conservation areas and the local environment; or f) Is part of a scheme to upgrade ancillary facilities at an existing holiday park or camping or caravan site. Proposals for new static caravan sites or parks within the Solway Coast AONB will be strongly resisted. Proposals for all holiday accommodation which fall outside the above criteria will be refused. Proposals to remove residential occupancy conditions on camping, caravan and chalet sites will be assessed against policies for provision of new housing. Proposals which involve the loss or change of use of a tourism business to a non-tourism business will only be granted where the applicant has demonstrated that the business is no longer fit for purpose or financially viable through a robust marketing exercise as set out by the Council.

Transport Principles

New development should be located in areas which help to reduce journey times and have safe and convenient access to public transport, open space, Key and Local Service Centres and utilities. Where possible, new development should actively seek to improve travel choice and reduce the need to travel using private motor vehicles. Exceptions to this policy will be considered for suitable development in rural areas that meets the requirements of other local plan policies and can demonstrate that provisions for sustainable access have been incorporated into the development. The Council will support rural transport schemes and shall work with partners to enhance services whenever possible. All new development in the Plan Area will: a) Be required to improve accessibility and movement in the local area reflecting the Local Transport Plan; b) Ensure they can be accessed safely and that they do not compromise the safety of any transport route, including railway lines and level crossings; c) Ensure they can access all major traffic attractors (employment, retail, schools and leisure) in a reliable time; d) Encourage attractive and well-connected street networks that, where necessary, make provision for heavy goods vehicles; e) Make provision for pedestrians and cyclists to be given the highest priority within town centres and new development, and facilitate links with public transport nodes and hubs; f) Where necessary be accompanied by Transport Assessments/Travel Plans in accordance with local and national guidance; g) Protect and, where appropriate, enhance or create new designated public rights of way; h) Be required to ensure the accessibility requirements of vulnerable people are taken into account; i) Be required to protect, enhance and capitalise upon sustainable transport links offered by green infrastructure corridors wherever possible; j) Be required to provide adequate levels of car parking, cycle facilities, and where appropriate incorporate charging points for electric and hybrid vehicles.