Planning in Barrow-in-Furness

Health and Wellbeing

This policy is an overarching policy to encourage a healthy environment within the Borough.

Doctors Surgeries and Health Centres

This policy supports the development of facilities to promote health and well being in the Borough whilst protecting residential amenity and sustainability.

Children's Nurseries

This policy supports the development of Children's Nurseries in the Borough whilst protecting residential amenity and sustainability.

Health and Wellbeing

The Council will encourage development which promotes health and wellbeing by: a) Providing access to a range of types of housing in sustainable locations; b) Encouraging travel by sustainable means, including use of public transport, walking and cycling; c) Promoting access to and use of open space; d) Promoting the use of sustainable construction materials and methods where appropriate; e) Protecting the Borough's natural and heritage assets; f) Supporting a range of sport, recreation and leisure pursuits; g) Supporting health promotion, including smoking cessation, healthy eating and breastfeeding campaigns; h) Encouraging reuse of existing buildings for health uses where appropriate; i) Encouraging use of renewable energy technologies where appropriate; and j) Promoting inclusive design which meets the needs of all, including those with mobility challenges.

Play Areas

Proposals for residential development will be assessed on a site by site basis, and where deemed appropriate through lack of provision or other limiting factor such as access, will be required to provide well designed and located children's play space, within close proximity to the development, that is safe and accessible for users. Areas of well designed and maintained landscaping will be encouraged and consideration must be given to Local Plan Policy HC5 (crime prevention). Developers will be expected to provide a commuted sum for a minimum of 5 years maintenance, or contributions for off site provision within suitable, safe walking distance. Where a Development Brief has been produced for a site, the brief will set out the requirement for playspace and on windfall sites the requirement will be agreed with the Local Planning Authority.

Golf Courses

Proposals for new, or extensions to, golf courses and driving ranges will be permitted where it meets all of the following criteria: a) They will not adversely affect the character and appearance of the surrounding area; b) They make provision for the retention of important landscape features and appropriate landscaping is provided as part of the course construction, matching the species in its immediate surroundings; c) They will not adversely affect sites of nature conservation value or archaeological or historic importance or the best and most versatile agricultural land; d) Any new buildings essential to the function of the course are of a high standard of design; e) They maintain the public footpath network in the area; f) They will not adversely affect the amenity of residents in the vicinity; g) The access and car parking arrangements are satisfactory; and h) Any artificial lighting is appropriate to the location and suitably positioned and screened to minimise its impact. Proposals for free-standing driving ranges, not related to another recreation use on the land, will not be accepted in the open countryside or protected Green Space.

Equestrian Development

Changes of use from agriculture to leisure related horse grazing and other horse related development such as riding schools and stabling will be permitted provided that: a) It is not visually intrusive or detrimental to the character of the area; b) The development does not use non-traditional or otherwise visually unacceptable buildings or fencing materials or other semi-permanent equipment; c) The development will not lead to unacceptable erosion of bridleways, woodlands, commons or any other ecologically sensitive area; d) It does not involve an unacceptable loss of productive farmland, nuisance to residents, pollution of sub soil or water courses, or conflict with vehicular or pedestrian traffic; e) Adequate access and car parking can be achieved. Permeable surfaces will be encouraged to reduce surface water runoff; f) Adequate provision is made for the storage and removal of manure; and g) The building is appropriate in scale to serve the number of horses and includes space for undercover storage. In order to assess fully the impact of proposals for riding schools, the Local Planning Authority will require, as part of the planning application, details of the areas and routes that are intended to be used for horse riding activities. Where appropriate the Authority will use section 106 obligations or planning conditions to ensure suitable improvements to such routes.

Allotments

Proposals for new allotments will be approved where they are within or adjacent to housing areas and their development is not likely to detract from the visual amenities of nearby housing. Proposals for allotments/leisure plots will not be approved where they are considered to represent an unacceptable visual intrusion into the countryside. The provision of water butts, shared composting and recycling facilities is encouraged.

Despoiled Landscapes

Proposals for the reclamation, restoration, enhancement or development of despoiled landscapes will be permitted provided that they would not result in the harmful loss of informal recreation value of the land.

Education Provision

Proposals for the development of new educational facilities as well as for the expansion, alteration and improvement of existing educational facilities will be supported where they are well related to the catchment that they will serve. Proposals for the development of education facilities should be located within existing education sites where possible. Where there is a need for a new educational site, the location should be close to the intended catchment in order to minimise travel in line with sustainable development principles. Specifically in relation to primary and secondary school provision, Barrow Borough Council will continue to work with the Education Authority to identify what new demand will be generated from development as well as helping to identify suitable new education sites should this be required. To assist in the delivery of additional school places, where required, to meet the needs of development, contributions will be sought, using a legal agreement with the appropriate Authority.

Doctors Surgeries and Health Centres

Proposals for the development of new health centres, doctors' surgeries, welfare buildings, dentists and other surgeries will be supported where: a) The proposed location is within, or on the edge of the town, or within a neighbourhood or village centre; b) They are accessible by public transport; c) They provide adequate on site parking, or there is adequate on street / public off street parking in the area without causing congestion or loss of amenity; and d) Their hours of use will not cause a significant loss of local residential amenity. Consideration should be given to the reuse of existing buildings where possible.

Children's Nurseries

Proposals for the development of children's nurseries which cater for more than 6 children at a time will be supported where: a) The proposed location is sustainable; b) Any outdoor play space is reasonably separated from neighbouring curtilages either through distance or adequate screening/landscaping; c) They provide adequate on site parking, or there is adequate on street parking for drop off/collection in the immediate area without causing congestion or other highway safety issues; and d) Their use does not cause a significant loss of local residential amenity. Consideration should be given to the reuse of existing buildings where possible.

New Indoor Leisure Facilities

Proposals for the development of new leisure facilities will be supported provided that all of the following criteria are met: a) The proposed location is within the town centre, or if it outside of a town centre a sequential test has been applied and no town centre sites are available or appropriate; b) The proposed location is sustainable, prioritising brownfield sites and incorporating sustainable materials where possible; c) The proposed scale is appropriate for its location; d) The site is accessible by public transport, walking and cycling; e) Adequate on site parking is provided, or there is adequate on street parking in the immediate area without detriment to highway safety or loss of amenity; f) The development will not have an adverse effect on the amenity of the surrounding area, or impact on a town centre; and g) Recycling receptacles are provided. This policy does not apply to outdoor sports facilities, which are covered by Policy HC8.

Loss of Playing Fields, Sports Pitches or Facilities

Playing fields, sports pitches and facilities are an important factor in the health and wellbeing of the wider community. For this reason proposals that would result in a partial or total loss of any of these assets, or would otherwise constitute a change of use to non-sport or recreation uses, shall not be permitted unless: a) A robust up-to-date assessment has been undertaken which clearly shows the open space, buildings or land to be surplus to requirements; or b) The loss resulting from the proposed development would be replaced by equivalent or better provision in terms of quantity and quality in a suitable location nearby; or c) The development only affects land that is incapable of forming all or part of a playing field, sports pitch or facility; or d) The proposed development is ancillary to the use of the playing field; or e) The development is for alternative sports and recreational provision, the needs for which clearly outweigh the loss. In all cases the loss of openness should not undermine the Green Infrastructure objectives. This policy does not apply to school playing fields, which are covered by national legislation and guidance.

New Outdoor Sports Facilities

Proposals for the provision of outdoor sports facilities and associated buildings and infrastructure will be supported provided that: a) The development will not result in visual harm to the character and appearance of the surroundings, countryside or coastal area; b) The development will not result in the loss of best and most versatile agricultural land; c) The development would not harm any site of identified nature conservation interest; d) Adequate on site parking is provided, or there is adequate on street parking in the immediate area without causing congestion or loss of amenity; e) Its use does not cause a significant loss of residential amenity; f) The type, size and location of the new facility is informed by an up to date and robust assessment of need; g) Any floodlighting situated in the built-up areas is subject to a sports lighting assessment which demonstrates that residential amenities, highway safety and recognised ecological interests would not be adversely affected. Consideration should be given to the reuse of existing buildings where possible.

Multi-Use Games Areas

Proposals for multi-use games areas (MUGAs) with floodlighting will be approved where they are situated in the built up areas of towns and villages and a sports lighting assessment demonstrates residential amenities, highway safety and recognised ecological interests would not be adversely affected. Areas of well designed and maintained landscaping will be encouraged to provide shelter, screening and biodiversity. Consideration should be given to Policy C3 (water management).

Protecting Community Facilities

Community facilities that serve the requirements of local people and which are accessible by walking, cycling and public transport will be protected. Community facilities which benefit the less mobile and which promote health and wellbeing will be given particular protection. The loss of such facilities will only be permitted where: a) There will continue to be satisfactory provision of that type of facility elsewhere in the local area; or b) It has been demonstrated that there is a need to relocate the facility; or c) It has been demonstrated that there is no longer a need or demand for the facility in the local area; or d) It has been demonstrated that continued operation of the facility would not be viable and / or it has been demonstrated that funding is not available to keep the facility in operation; or e) The facility will be replaced with a use where the benefits clearly outweigh the loss of the facility. In rural areas, applications that involve the loss of local shops, post offices and public houses will be resisted unless the applicant can demonstrate that the business is no longer viable. The premises must have been advertised commercially at a reasonable price, for a minimum of 12 months, no reasonable offer must have been refused and the property must have been advertised on the open market for at least four times in the local media at roughly equal periods over the previous year.

Access to Community Facilities

Proposals for new housing development will demonstrate how the existing local community facilities will be suitable and accessible for the users of the proposed development. Where such facilities are not suitable and accessible, development proposals for housing developments should provide appropriate community facilities to fulfil the needs created by the proposed development, or a contribution towards the provision of the facilities where this is considered more applicable. Community facilities will relate directly and be fairly and reasonably related in scale and kind to the proposed development. In assessing whether a contribution from a particular site is appropriate the Borough Council will have due regard to the following considerations: a) The size of the site; b) The nature of the proposals and the suitability of the site for providing community facilities; and c) The economic viability of the development.

Design

Good quality design is recognised in the National Planning Policy Framework as one of the twelve core planning principles. Design of development goes beyond aesthetics by influencing the ways in which people and places connect and how people feel about the place where they live or work. The Council is aware that in the past the standard of design of some development has been less than satisfactory. The new Local Plan presents an opportunity to raise the standard of design in the Borough which is necessary to challenge perceptions of the Borough and actively encourage further investment. This over-arching design policy applies to all development and sits alongside policies for specific aspects of design such as trees, wildlife and heritage, which are found elsewhere in the Plan. The policy also complements the Building Regulations and documents such as Building for Life 12. This policy will give a steer to developers and those making planning applications of the design principles that the Council will expect applicants to address from the outset.

Landscaping

This overarching policy on landscaping will support Policy DS5 by ensuring developments take into account both the hard and soft landscaping of a site when designing a scheme. This is particular important in sensitive areas. The National Planning Policy Framework requires that developments are well designed and are visually attractive with appropriate landscaping.

Development on Strategic Routes

This policy supports the Council's Strategic Priorities.

Access to Buildings and Open Spaces

The Council, in line with the NPPF (2012), promotes safe and accessible developments which actively address the needs of the aged, disabled and those in need of assistance. Buildings and public open space should incorporate good design to ensure that buildings and surrounding spaces interact and are sustainable and accessible to all.

Crime Prevention

National Planning Policy Framework and Design and Access statements specifically highlight the requirement for crime prevention measures in the design of the built environment. As such, the Constabulary seeks council support in implementing policy that requires developers to demonstrate how crime prevention measures contribute to a safe and secure environment: The Constabulary would strongly encourage a policy on crime prevention and welcome the opportunity to be included in the process and the subsequent delivery of Council Policy in regard to this.

Design

New development must be of a high quality design, which will support the creation of attractive, vibrant places. Designs will be specific to the site and planning applications must demonstrate a clear process that analyses and responds to the characteristics of the site and its context, including surrounding uses, taking into account the Council's Green Infrastructure Strategy. Proposals must demonstrate clearly how they: a) Integrate with and where possible conserve and enhance the character of the adjoining natural environment, taking into account relevant Supplementary Planning Documents; b) Conserve and enhance the historic environment, including heritage assets and their setting; c) Make the most effective and efficient use of the site and any existing buildings upon it; d) Create clearly distinguishable, well defined and designed public and private spaces that are attractive, accessible, coherent and safe and provide a stimulating environment; e) Allow permeability and ease of movement within the site and with surrounding areas, placing the needs of pedestrians, cyclists and public transport above those of the motorist, depending on the nature and function of the uses proposed; f) Create a place that is easy to find your way around with routes defined by a well-structured building layout; g) Prioritise building and landscape form over parking and roads, so that vehicular requirements do not dominate the sites appearance and character; h) Exhibit design quality using design cues and materials appropriate to the area, locally sourced wherever possible; i) Respect the distinctive character of the local landscape, protecting and incorporating key environmental assets of the area, including topography, landmarks, views, trees, hedgerows, habitats and skylines. Where no discernible or positive character exists, creating a meaningful hierarchy of space that combines to create a sense of place; j) Create layouts that are inclusive and promote health, well-being, community cohesion and public safety; k) Incorporate public art where this is appropriate to the project and where it can contribute to design objectives; l) Ensure that development is both accessible and usable by different age groups and people with disabilities; m) Integrate Sustainable Drainage Systems of an appropriate form and scale; n) Mitigate against the impacts of climate change by the incorporation of energy and water efficiency measures (in accordance with the Building Regulations), the orientation of new buildings, and use of recyclable materials in construction; and o) Ensuring that new development avoids creating nesting sites for gulls e.g. through the provision of appropriate roof pitches.

Landscaping

Landscaping should be viewed as an integral part of the design process and should include soft and hard landscaping, street furniture, lighting and public art where appropriate. A Landscaping Scheme and maintenance regime will be required as part of a full planning application. This is particularly relevant where development will have a significant impact upon the surrounding environment or where the development occupies a site in a prominent location. The Cumbria Landscape Character Toolkit (or any document which replaces it) should be used as a baseline tool to determine the impacts of new development on the landscape and the type of landscaping and/or mitigation to be put in place. All soft landscaping, including all existing trees, shrubs and planted areas should be shown along with details of any protective measures proposed. Details of new trees, shrubs and planted areas in terms of species, density, size, spacing and position should be included. Native species should be used with decorative species used only for accent purposes in support of other design objectives. Native planting is particularly important in areas adjacent to natural habitats e.g. watercourses. Proposals must demonstrate that any soft landscaping proposed will have a positive visual impact upon the area and is able to survive in its environment. In terms of hard landscaping, materials used must be of a colour and texture appropriate to the locally distinctive character of the area, be durable, practical for the proposed use under a variety of weather conditions and incorporate permeable surfaces to alleviate run off. Suitable maintenance regimes for soft and hard schemes will be the subject of planning conditions or unilateral undertakings as appropriate.

Development on Strategic Routes

Proposals fronting onto or accessing a Strategic Route into Barrow will need to demonstrate how they will enhance or conserve, where it is of high quality, street-scene character through the use of active frontage, suitable landscaping, boundary treatments and the sensitive design of signage, advertising and lighting where required.

Design of Patio areas and Balconies

The creation of patio areas and balconies over house extensions will be approved providing they are of good design and do not represent an unacceptable loss of privacy to the occupiers of neighbouring properties or occupy a prominent position such that a detrimental intrusion into the character of the streetscene would be created.

Access to Buildings and Open Spaces

Development proposals should make provision for easy, safe and inclusive access to, into, within and out of buildings, spaces and facilities. The layout and design of developments should meet the requirements of accessibility and inclusion for all potential users regardless of disability, age or gender. At the design stage consideration should be given to the effects of the proposal on the character and appearance of heritage assets and their settings, where applicable. The Council will have regard to the following criteria when assessing development proposals: a) The design of entrances and exits and ease of movement through and between buildings, street furniture, open spaces and pedestrian routes; b) The location of any development proposal in relation to its potential users; c) Accessibility to all transport modes, including walking and cycling, and provision of adequate parking with the appropriate number of parking bays designated for cycles and motor vehicles, including specified disabled bays; and d) Provision of on-site facilities such as public toilets and appropriate signage. Additionally, where there is a requirement to submit a Design and Access Statement as part of a planning application it should: e) Demonstrate the approach to inclusive design; and f) Acknowledge compliance with Part M of the Building Regulations (Access to and use of buildings) and refer to BS8300:2009 (British Standards - Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people – Code of practice) where appropriate.

Crime Prevention

The design, layout and location of new development should contribute towards the creation of a safe and accessible environment, and the prevention of crime, and fear of crime. Developers should: a) Ensure the design, landscaping or any feature does not create isolated or secluded areas; b) Demonstrate the design, layout, screening/landscaping enables a natural surveillance of the surrounding area and promotes neighbourliness; c) Incorporate adequate lighting and security measures where appropriate e.g. communal and parking areas, taking into account the impact on light pollution, the natural environment and residential amenity; d) Design layouts to promote ownership by residents and encourage use of communal areas; and e) Create clear and legible pedestrian and cycle routes that prevent unobserved access.

Waterfront Business Park Strategic Employment Opportunity Area

The policy identifies the Waterfront Business Park as an Employment Site of Regional Significance.

Loss of Self-catering Holiday Accommodation

This policy will be used to ensure the continued use as self catering accommodation is unviable before it is lost to another use.

Self-catering Holiday Accommodation

The policy supports the creation of new self-catering accommodation where its location is sustainable, accessible and adequate services are provided.

Farm Diversification

This policy supports sensitive farm diversification. Such diversification offers key benefits for rural communities, allowing the creation of commercial opportunities to provide rural employment that utilises existing resources and offers an additional income. Often diversification is key to maintain the viability of individual farm units and to enable the family unit to remain actively employed within the holding. Diversification schemes can also provide assured future for traditional farm buildings.

Provision of Employment Land

The Borough needs a balanced portfolio of land that maximises the economic potential of the area within an uncertain economic climate. The Barrow Employment Land Review identifies eleven sites as being appropriate for new sustainable employment development. The suitability of the sites has been assessed in the Barrow Employment Land Review (Nov 2017). Location and access, planning status, site conditions and site availability have been key considerations in the assessment of the sites.

Managing Development of Employment Land

Policy EC3 applies to all development for employment uses. It applies to the development of employment land on the sites identified in Policy EC2 and at other locations in the Borough. The policy is flexible enough to enable a choice of land and premises to come forward to diversify the local economy and increase employment opportunities in the Borough.

Loss of Employment Land and Allocated Employment Sites

This policy requires that applicants for non-employment uses on employment land should demonstrate that there is no demand for employment use and that making the site more attractive for employment uses is not feasible.

Conversions to Employment Use in Urban Locations

Diversification of the economy may lead to businesses wishing to locate in premises which have not previously been used for employment use. The policy seeks to control this use where appropriate, whilst supporting proposals which meet the criteria of Policy EC3.

Conversions to Employment Use in Rural Locations

Diversification of the economy may lead to businesses wishing to locate in premises in rural areas rather than main settlements which have not previously been used for employment use. The policy seeks to control this use where appropriate, whilst supporting proposals which meet the criteria of this Policy (EC6) and Policy EC3.

Energy Uses Opportunity Areas

The Council continues to support the identification of the area around the North and South Morecambe Gas Terminal as an opportunity area for energy uses, as due to the nature of energy sector uses they are preferentially located away from residential development.

Economic Diversification – Tourism

The Council will support economic diversification, particularly by the tourism sector.

Caravan and Camping Sites

The Council fully supports the expansion of visitor accommodation in the Borough and acknowledges that caravan and camp sites would be an attractive offer to visitors and would boost the visitor economy. The policy ensures that development proposals are supported by adequate infrastructure and do not harm landscape, nature or heritage.

The Port of Barrow

The policy supports the ongoing operation and development of the commercial port and the mixed use wider Port Area, ensuring that future development proposals do not impede the operational requirements or prejudice the economic viability of the port.

Waterfront Business Park Strategic Employment Opportunity Area

The Waterfront Business Park, identified as part of the wider Barrow Waterfront regeneration area, is an employment site of regional significance suitable for advanced manufacturing and supply chain growth. Development should contribute positively to a high quality employment location and will be assessed against other relevant policies in the Development Plan.

Farm Diversification

Farm diversification schemes that would create quiet recreation and small scale, sensitively designed visitor attractions and accommodation in the Borough's countryside will be encouraged where they meet all of the following criteria: a) The proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan and b) The proposal will not have an adverse impact on local amenities by virtue of noise and disturbance. Developments which promote new walking and cycling routes including long-distance routes and linkages to national networks will be particularly welcomed, as will be those which make use of existing suitable buildings.

Provision of Employment Land

The Council will maintain an adequate supply and choice of land and floorspace for employment development by allocating sites at a rate ahead of the projected employment land requirement for the Plan period. This provision will be met on the following Employment Sites, which are identified on the Proposals Maps (Appendices A-C) and in Appendix E: The appropriate use classes referred to above are B1, B2 and B8. Development proposals for alternative uses in these locations will be resisted, unless it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Local Planning Authority that there is no reasonable prospect of the site being used for employment purposes. Development on windfall sites will be permitted, subject to the requirements of Policy EC3. Site | Area | Appropriate Use Classes EMR1 Remaining Part of Furness Business Park | 0.4 ha | B1, B2 EMR3 Waterfront Business Park, Barrow | 18.5 ha | B1, B2 (within Local Enterprise Zone) / B1, B2, B8 (outside Local Enterprise Zone) EMR5 Land East of Park Road, Barrow | 7.0 ha | B1, B2, B8 EMR6 Land West of Robert McBride, Park Road, Barrow | 6.4 ha | B1, B2, B8 EMR7 Land South of Kimberley Clark, Park Road, Barrow | 4.9 ha | B1, B2, B8 EMR8 Land West of County Park Industrial Estate, Park Road, Barrow | 1.5 ha | B1, B2, B8 EMR11 Ulverston Road, Dalton | 0.4 ha | B1, B2 EMR12 Land at Billings Road, Dalton | 1.4 ha | B1, B2 EMR13 Former Training Centre, North Scale | 0.5 ha | B1, B2 EMR15 Land Opposite Phoenix Court, Barrow | 0.5 ha | B1, B2 Total | 41.5 ha

Managing Development of Employment Land

Proposals for new employment uses (classes B1, B2 and B8), or the extension of existing premises used for employment uses, will be approved subject to meeting all of the following criteria: a) The site is located within or directly adjoining the built up area of Barrow or Dalton, or within the development cordons identified in the housing chapter; b) Site planning, layout and servicing arrangements are developed comprehensively; c) The use will not unduly impact upon the residential amenities of those living nearby due to noise, disturbance from traffic, hours of operation, external storage, light pollution, vibration or airborne emissions including odours; d) Traffic generated by the proposal is capable of being satisfactorily accommodated within the highway network; e) A Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) will be required for proposals for major sites (sites over 5,000 m2), schemes likely to generate in excess of 100 HGV movements daily, or any development that may impact on the Trunk Road network; f) The site has been designed to promote user accessibility by walking, cycling and public transport; g) The layout of the site has suitable space for landscaping, parking (including for large vehicles where appropriate), loading and unloading and any other operational requirements, and responds to natural drainage flow patterns; h) Development must create safe and secure environments that minimise opportunities for crime and promote community safety; i) The development is sustainable in its energy usage, environmental impact, waste management, flood risk and transport implications; j) Adequate protection of groundwater from pollution from the storage, handling or use of chemicals can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Local Planning Authority; especially on sites within the St. Bees Sandstone Major Aquifer as shown on the Proposals Map; k) The proposal does not use the best and most versatile agricultural land (grade 3a and above) unless it is demonstrated that the loss is outweighed by other planning considerations; l) The proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan; and m) The proposal should make effective use of previously developed land where possible. Trade counters and retailing from employment premises will be restricted to those which are ancillary for the main operation of the B1/B2/B8 business. Where the development cordon directly adjoins a neighbouring Local Planning Authority (LPA), the adjoining LPA's planning policies will apply on land within their boundary.

Loss of Employment Land and Allocated Employment Sites

In determining planning applications for non-employment uses which involve the loss of land and/or buildings which are either identified, currently used or were last used for industrial, business, office or other employment uses (B1, B2, B8), developers will be required to provide a statement to the satisfaction of the Local Planning Authority demonstrating that: a) There is no demand for land/buildings on the site for employment purposes, including commercial evidence as to how the site has been marketed over the previous 12 months; b) Interventions to improve the attractiveness of the site for employment uses are not feasible. This policy does not apply to sites which are allocated for other uses in the Development Plan.

Conversions to employment use in urban locations

The Authority will support the conversion of buildings, to create employment uses, providing that they satisfy criteria set out in Policy EC3. The subsequent building should respect the local character of the area in terms of scale and design. Surveys will be required at the time of submission where species protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 are thought to be present.

Conversions to employment use in rural locations

The Authority will support the conversion of buildings in rural areas to create employment uses providing that they satisfy criteria b-m set out in Policy EC3, and the development meets the following criteria: a) Access arrangements are satisfactory; b) Adequate well-designed off road parking is provided, or there is adequate on street parking in the immediate area without causing congestion or loss of amenity; c) The appearance of traditional buildings and features such as walls and gateways are protected as part of the development; d) Their use does not cause a significant loss of amenity to neighbours; and e) Signage will be sensitively designed and appropriate to the host building and locality. Applicants must provide evidence that the building is structurally sound and capable of conversion without major rebuilding, extensions or modifications to the existing structure. Surveys will be required where species protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 are thought to be present.

Economic Diversification – Tourism

The Borough's tourism offer will be developed in a sustainable and competitive manner, to enhance its role as a high quality tourism destination. The Local Plan supports the creation, enhancement and expansion of tourist attractions and tourist infrastructure, in order to attract new visitors from outside the area. Development should be of an appropriate scale located where the environment and infrastructure can accommodate the visitor impact, and should not result in unacceptable harm to environmental assets. This will be achieved by the following measures: a) Ensuring that development does not cause unacceptable levels of disturbance to nearby residents; b) Ensuring the proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan.

The Port of Barrow

Within the Port Area identified on the Proposals Map, development proposals for port and port related use, including those linked to the 'Energy Coast', will be supported and where appropriate approved by the Council if the submitted scheme accords with other relevant policies in the Development Plan, and can pass the tests of the Habitat Regulations. Areas that benefit from existing or potential access from deep water will be protected for port and port related uses. Any proposals for new development on land in close proximity to the Port Area will be required to fully assess the potential impact on the Port of the proposed use and where necessary, provide mitigation as part of the new development to ensure that there is no unacceptable impact on the Port.

Promoting Renewable Energy

New development must take into account the effects of climate change, promote the use of energy efficient methods and materials, and minimise its impact on the environment. Proposals will be encouraged to maximise the design of buildings, use of materials, their layout and orientation on site to be as energy efficient as possible. All new developments will be encouraged to incorporate renewable energy production equipment, sources of renewable energy such as photovoltaics and the potential for renewable, low carbon or decentralised energy schemes appropriate to the scale and location of the development provided they accord with the requirements of Policy C6.

Renewable and Low Carbon Energy Proposals

In order to contribute towards the achievement of national renewable energy targets the Council will support development of renewable energy provided that: a) Measures are taken to avoid and where appropriate mitigate any unacceptable negative impacts of the effects on local amenity resulting from development, construction and operation of the renewable energy schemes; b) The proposal on its own, or in combination with other development, will not unduly impact on the landscape or seascape and the development would not give rise to an unacceptable adverse cumulative impact when considered in the context of other existing or consented installations; c) Large scale renewable energy developments (i.e. development that generates more than 10 MW), where appropriate make provision for community benefits over the period of the development. Such benefits will directly relate to the development; d) The proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan. e) Proposals involving Wind Energy developments must also: i) be located in a 'Suitable Area' (identified on the Proposals Map) or be for the re-powering of an existing wind turbine/wind farm, ii) demonstrate that consideration has been given to the issues set out in the Suitable Areas for Wind Energy Technical Document, and iii) demonstrate that, following consultation, the planning impacts identified by affected local communities have been fully addressed.

Energy Uses Opportunity Area

The area identified on the Proposals Map around and including the North and South Morecambe Gas Terminal and former Roosecote Power Station is considered to have specific potential and suitability for uses related to and supporting management of the exploration, production, generation and transmission of energy. Existing energy industry and related development will be protected. New energy industry and related development will be encouraged in this area subject to meeting the criteria in Policy EC3 and the requirements of any accompanying environmental assessments.

Flood Risk and Erosion

The aim of policy on coastal change, as set out in the National Planning Policy Framework, is to reduce risk from coastal change by avoiding inappropriate development in vulnerable areas or adding to the impacts of physical changes to the coast. In order to achieve this aim the Council will support natural defence measures to protect against coastal and fluvial flooding and erosion in the Borough. However, where the implementation of natural defences is not feasible or viable, the Council in line with the proposed policy will support new defence structures.

Development and the Coast

The aim of policy on coastal change, as set out in the National Planning Policy Framework, is to reduce risk from coastal change by avoiding inappropriate development in vulnerable areas or adding to the impacts of physical changes to the coast. Therefore the Council wishes to protect the coast, and access to the coast, for recreational activity and people's enjoyment of the environment whilst also protecting the habitats, species and landscape located there and the natural processes necessary for their survival. The whole of the Borough's coastline, except for a short section on Walney Island between Hillock Whins and Sandy Gap, is designated internationally, nationally or locally as environmentally important.

Water Management

Local planning authorities and developers should seek to implement water management opportunities and to reduce impacts on the environment by preventing the undue consumption of water and through the use of sustainable drainage systems in new developments. United Utilities emphasise in their representations the need to encourage new development to explore all methods for mitigating surface water run-off. New development should manage surface water in a sustainable, effective and appropriate way. If it is demonstrated that it is necessary to discharge to a watercourse or public sewer, then any discharge should be at an attenuated rate.

Groundwater Protection

This policy ensures that new development manages the risk of pollution to groundwater.

Contaminated and Unstable Land

The National Planning Policy Framework states that local policies and decisions should ensure that new development is appropriate for its location, having regard to the effects of pollution on health or the natural environment, taking account of the potential sensitivity of the area or proposed development to adverse effects from pollution. Subsequently this policy helps to ensure that no significant harm, or risk of significant harm, to health and wellbeing and the environment takes place on land that is known to be or suspected of being contaminated or unstable.

Green Routes

Strategic Green Routes a) Development and associated advertising and signage proposals fronting onto a Strategic Green Route must deliver a high standard of design and landscaping and be of a form, scale and proximity complementary to the character of the site's location and setting; b) Site, architectural and signage illumination will need to be specified to avoid light pollution. White light sources will need to be used for way-marking and signage clarity with secondary amenity lighting providing subtle colour to architecture or landscaping if required. All lighting is to be static with all light sources concealed from direct view from the public realm and highway; and c) Where an important route continues off-site that would be beneficial to the function of the development, a S106 and / or S278 Planning Obligation may be required to enhance its integration and connectivity with site design and landscaping proposals. Local Green Routes d) Local Green Routes between existing and new developments will need to be well-landscaped and located to achieve a good standard of natural surveillance with planting along the route designed not to inhibit visibility or accessibility over time; e) Lighting, apart from vehicular crossing points, will need to be of a durable low-level design and integrated as part of the landscaping scheme; f) Vertical 'pinch points' combining change of direction, gateways and continuous landscaping will need to be achieved at the edges of a development layout design to prevent the misuse of Local Green Routes by motorised vehicles; and g) Local Green Routes that are well defined whilst avoiding being segregated from the areas they pass through will be encouraged.

Green Links

Proposals involving or adjacent to existing hedgerows or Green Links will be supported provided that they do not compromise the continuity or integrity of the hedgerow or Green Link. Where considered appropriate by the Planning Authority proposals should enhance the contribution made by the hedgerow or green link.

Open Countryside

Development within the open countryside which accords with the Development Plan will be supported providing that it accords with the principles of the Green Infrastructure Strategy and recognises and respects the intrinsic character and beauty of the countryside.

Woodland

New Woodland Proposals for new woodlands will be encouraged providing that a coherent landscape structure and setting can be demonstrated, including how connections would be achieved to other areas of woodland, landscaping or open space. Proposals will also need to demonstrate an appropriate approach to public access, where proposed, and community safety, as well as to the creation of inaccessible habitat areas. Proposals that use a mix of locally native species will be supported. All schemes will require the inclusion of a long term management plan. Existing Woodland Development proposals should avoid the loss of woodland or enable the protection, enhancement and management of existing woodland and tree cover within the Green Infrastructure framework. Proposals that incorporate or adjoin existing areas of woodland must demonstrate how connections would be achieved to the development and those areas and other areas of green infrastructure.

Private Garden Boundaries

Development proposals will need to incorporate specific measures to assist the local migration of wildlife between the side and rear garden boundaries of dwellings. Proposals that actively promote accessibility and habitat for wildlife will be encouraged. Proposals that would inhibit such movement will be resisted.

Flood Risk and Erosion

The Council will support natural defence measures to protect against all sources of flooding, including coastal, fluvial and surface water flooding and erosion in the Borough. However, where the implementation of natural defences is not feasible or viable, the Council will support new hard defence structures. All new defence measures will be expected to meet the following criteria: a) Measures are designed and incorporated to enhance biodiversity and be compliant with the Water Framework Directive; b) There will be no unacceptable harm to natural coastal processes, geodiversity and the historic environment; c) Opportunities are maximised to enhance the England Coast Path or other public rights of way, where the defences are situated on or adjacent to such a public right of way; d) The open character of the undeveloped coast is maintained, with the existing landscape character of the site respected and reinforced; and e) The proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan. Developments proposed next to watercourses should be compliant with the Water Framework Directive and cause no deterioration in water body status but where possible look to improve the status to 'good'. Development will not unacceptably encroach on or restrict access to a watercourse. Culverted watercourses should be restored to open channels to restore a more natural river environment unless there is an overriding reason not to do so, and no water course should be culverted unless there is an overriding need to do so. Vegetated buffer strips between watercourses and development will be required to protect and enhance habitat value and water quality, while ensuring access for flood defence purposes is retained. The width of the buffer will be dependent upon a number of factors, including the type of development proposed and the findings of any ecological surveys accompanying the application. Measures should be implemented that deter future development, including domestic gardens, extending into the buffer.

Development and the Coast

Development in a coastal location will only be permitted where: a) There will be no unacceptable harm to natural coastal processes, including increasing the risk of flooding, coastal erosion and instability; b) There will be no unacceptable harm to habitats, species, geodiversity, designated sites and the historic environment; c) The capacity of the coast to form a natural sea defence or adjust to changes in conditions without risk to life or property will not be prejudiced; d) There will not be an increased need for additional sea walls or other civil engineering works (defence structures) for coastal protection purposes except where necessary to protect existing investment; e) The open character of the undeveloped coast is maintained, with the existing landscape character of the site respected and reinforced; f) Local fisheries will not be prejudiced; g) The proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan; and h) There will be no adverse effect on recreational activities at the coast. Opportunities to improve access to the coast will be sought where possible and where the above criteria can be met.

Water management

All new development will minimise its impacts on the environment through the following measures: a) New development will achieve the minimum standards for water efficiency, as defined by Building Regulations (Approved Document G). By the installation of fittings and fixed appliances, water recycling or other appropriate measures for the prevention of undue consumption of water and which recycle and conserve water resources. b) New development will be required to prioritise the use of sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) and ensure there is no increase in flood risk from surface water. Drainage systems should be of a high design standard and will benefit biodiversity and contribute to improved water quality. Developers will be expected to submit a Drainage Strategy that shows how foul and surface water will be effectively managed. Surface water should be discharged in the following order of priority: i. An adequate soakaway or some other form of infiltration system. ii. An attenuated discharge to a surface water body such as a watercourse. iii. An attenuated discharge to public surface water sewer, highway drain or another drainage system. iv. An attenuated discharge to public combined sewer. Applicants wishing to discharge to public sewer will need to submit clear evidence demonstrating why alternative options are not available. c) Approved development proposals will be expected to be supplemented by appropriate maintenance and management regimes for surface water drainage schemes. d) On large sites, applicants should ensure that the drainage proposals are part of a wider, holistic strategy, which coordinates the approach to drainage between phases, between developers/landowners and over a number of years of construction. e) On greenfield sites, applicants will be expected to demonstrate that the current natural discharge from a site is at least mimicked. f) On previously-developed land, applicants should target a reduction of surface water discharge in accordance with the non-statutory technical standards for sustainable drainage produced by DEFRA. In demonstrating a reduction, applicants should include clear evidence of existing positive connections from the site with associated calculations on rates of discharge. g) Landscaping proposals should consider what contribution the landscaping of a site can make to reducing surface water discharge. This can include hard and soft landscaping such as permeable surfaces. h) The treatment and processing of surface water is not a sustainable solution. Surface water should be managed at source and not transferred. Every option should be investigated before discharging surface water into a public sewerage network. A discharge to groundwater or watercourse may require the consent of the Environment Agency or Cumbria County Council as Lead Local Flood Authority. The retrofitting of SuDS in locations that generate surface water run-off will be supported, subject to the criteria above.

Groundwater Protection

Any proposals for new development within Groundwater Source Protection Zones (St Bees Sandstone Major Aquifer) must accord with Environment Agency guidance set out in its document titled 'Approach to Groundwater Protection: March 2017 Version 1.0', or any subsequent iteration of the guidance. Applicants with proposals in groundwater source protection zones should engage in early dialogue with United Utilities. New development within Groundwater Source Protection Zones will only be approved subject to the submission of all of the following to the satisfaction of the Local Planning Authority: a) Risk Assessment - a risk assessment and mitigation strategy with respect to groundwater protection will be required to manage the risk of pollution to public water supply and the water environment. The risk assessment should be based on the source-pathway-receptor methodology. It shall identify all possible contaminant sources and pathways for the life of the development and provide details of measures required to mitigate any risks to groundwater and public water supply during all phases of the development. b) Masterplanning – careful masterplanning is required to mitigate the risk of pollution to public water supply and the water environment. For example, open space should be designed so it is closest to the boreholes so as to minimise the potential impact on groundwater. In addition, an appropriate management regime will be secured for open space features in the groundwater protection zone. c) Construction Management Plan - Construction Management Plans will be required to identify the potential impacts from all construction activities on both groundwater, public water supply and surface water and identify the appropriate mitigation measures necessary to protect and prevent pollution of these waters. For development proposals within Groundwater Source Protection Zone 1, the highest specification pipework and design in the new sewerage system (pipework, trenches, manholes, pumping stations and attenuation features) will be required in order to avoid pollution of public water supply and the groundwater environment.

Contaminated and Unstable Land

Contaminated Land On land known to be or suspected of being contaminated, or where development may result in the release of contaminants from adjoining land, development will only be permitted where: a) It can be demonstrated that there is no significant harm, or risk of significant harm, to health and wellbeing and the environment, including pollution of any watercourse or controlled waters; and b) Any necessary remedial action is undertaken to safeguard users or occupiers of the site or neighbouring land, and that the environment and any buildings or services during development are protected from contamination. All investigations should be carried out in accordance with the advice set out in 'Development of Potentially Contaminated Land and Sensitive End Uses – An Essential Guide for Developers' or any subsequent update of this guidance. Where the proposed use would be particularly vulnerable to the presence of contamination (i.e. residential) the planning application must be supported by an appropriate assessment of on site contamination including proposals for remediation in accordance with the above mentioned document. Unstable Land On land known or suspected to be unstable, development will only be permitted where it can be demonstrated that there is no significant risk of harm to health and wellbeing and the environment, and that any necessary remedial action is undertaken to safeguard users or occupiers of the site or neighbouring land. Where the proposed use would be particularly vulnerable to land instability, the planning application must be supported by a risk assessment report that demonstrates that adequate and environmen

Light Pollution

The Council will seek to minimise light pollution and applications which propose new external lighting will be expected to demonstrate each of the following: a) The proposed artificial light has no adverse impact on the locality or measures will be taken to avoid, and where appropriate mitigate, any negative impacts of the effects of new lighting on local amenity resulting from the development; b) The proposal has no significant impact on a protected site or species e.g. located on, or adjacent to, a designated European site or where there are designated European protected species that may be affected; c) The proposal is not in or near a protected area of dark sky or an intrinsically dark landscape where it may be desirable to minimise new light sources; and d) The proposal has no impact on wildlife (e.g. white or ultraviolet light) when being proposed close to sensitive wildlife receptors or areas, including where the light shines on water.

Green Infrastructure

The Council, through the preparation and adoption of the Green Infrastructure Strategy SPD, Masterplans and Development Briefs will identify and promote the creation, enhancement and protection of a Green Infrastructure Framework designed to maintain, enhance, expand and connect a network of natural and man-made green and blue spaces together along with the project focus necessary to secure and implement its delivery. The Council will work proactively with the community, public sector partners, voluntary sector, developers and utility providers to: a) Ensure that all new development contributes to the protection and enhancement of the Borough's distinctive and valued landscape and settlement character implementing a network of Green Infrastructure as the context and setting for coherent and locally distinctive place making. b) Utilise landscape and urban design techniques together to assimilate development and its supporting Green Infrastructure into sustainable, attractive multi-functional layouts. c) Integrate sustainable movement choices at all scales that support domestic, leisure and tourism movements around and beyond the Borough to actively encourage improved health, fitness and well-being. d) Protect and integrate amenity open spaces, playing fields, sports pitches and play areas within areas of Green Infrastructure including where a need is demonstrated. e) Protect, support and enhance biodiversity by creating inaccessible and well-connected habitat within and between neighbouring areas that allows wildlife to co-exist undisturbed whilst improving peoples accessibility to nature; f) Include adaptive measures to help offset climate change including sustainable urban drainage (SUDs) management and tree planting to reduce the impact of flooding and assist in the cooling of `urban heat islands'; and g) Facilitate local food production in allotments, gardens and adjacent agriculture.

Green Wedges

Proposals within or adjoining designated Green Wedges will be supported providing that they: a) Provide visual relief, physical contrast and visual or physical separation between settlements and neighbouring development areas; b) Demonstrate how development would respond to, maintain or enhance the open character of the Green Wedge; c) Enhance the biodiversity value of Green Wedges, where possible; d) Maintain or enhance its value as a setting for recreation; and e) Protect the setting of heritage assets.

Green Corridors

Where on site infrastructure is to be provided this should be located, where possible, within a Green Corridor. Applicants are required to identify Green Corridors as part of their proposal and conditions may be attached to any consent to ensure these are retained over the lifetime of the development. Green corridors must meet the following criteria: a) Proposals must demonstrate how existing vegetation and landform features both within and adjacent to the Green Corridor have informed the layout and design of infrastructure; b) An appropriate survey will be required to determine the nature and extent of ecology within the Green Corridor to ensure that any existing habitats or species are protected and enhanced and how the resulting environment is to be managed during and after the construction period; c) Landscaping proposals will need to demonstrate that only naturally occurring species are used encouraging durable, low-maintenance natural succession forms of planting that provide landscaping for infrastructure and continuity of movement and foraging for wildlife; d) Proposals must demonstrate how accessibility, activity, infrastructure and development frontage are interwoven together into a landscape-orientated layout design; e) Movement through the site layout must be designed clearly as a hierarchy. Connections between development areas must be legible in terms of siting, design and landscaping with sufficient variation in route direction, width and enclosure to manage cycle speeds; f) Incorporate water intercept and storage capacity sufficient to retain and discharge current and anticipated levels of surface water drainage appropriately to a suitable watercourse if required as an intrinsic part of layout and landscape design; and g) Ensure that all routes and spaces are capable of being at least indirectly overlooked in contributing to community and personal safety. Proposals for infrastructure, sports facilities or formal open space including children's play areas will be encouraged where possible, providing that any structures relate closely with existing or proposed landscaping and are not in visually isolated or prominent positions.

Green Spaces

Green Spaces within the urban area make an important contribution to community life, streetscene character and biodiversity. They will need to be retained within the existing built up area as well as being provided for in new housing layouts. Where development is proposed adjacent to a Green Space it will need to show how the form and character of existing spaces are to be maintained, incorporated or enhanced. Proposals will also need to demonstrate how new green spaces are to provide a focal setting for new development as part of a wider landscaping scheme that contributes to creating a sense of place, improved accessibility and community safety.

Private Garden Boundaries

Development proposals will need to incorporate specific measures to assist the local migration of wildlife between the side and rear garden boundaries of dwellings. Proposals that actively promote accessibility and habitat for wildlife will be encouraged. Proposals that would inhibit such movement will be resisted.

Protecting and Enhancing Landscape Character

Land use proposals should protect and enhance where appropriate, local landscape character, as defined by contemporary adopted local landscape character guidance, currently the Cumbria Landscape Character Guidance and Toolkit. In addition, major land use proposals will require an assessment of the effects of the proposed development on landscape character and visual effects at the time of submission. Where new development will impact upon the character of the landscape, such impact will need to be minimised and priority will be given to protecting and enhancing the landscape's distinct assets. Where there is loss or damage to the assets, the applicant must submit a statement demonstrating that this is unavoidable e.g. the development cannot be sited elsewhere due to operational requirements. In cases such as these, the unavoidable damage must be mitigated, and unavoidable loss must be compensated for, so that there is no net loss in resources. High protection will be given to the undeveloped coast in order to maintain its openness, tranquillity, heritage and nature conservation value and to maintain the Borough's recreation and tourism appeal. High protection will also be given to the setting of the Lake District National Park in order to maintain the valued views to and from this nationally designated area, its tranquillity and its attractiveness to tourists. Measures to enhance the character of the Borough's landscape will be supported, with particular importance given to the following: a) Improved access to the landscape for recreation and tourism, including managed access to the undeveloped coast. b) The regeneration of unsightly brownfield sites, particularly former industrial sites. c) Increase in tree and woodland cover where such planting complements the scale of the landscape. d) Enhancement of the nature conservation value of the landscape.

Safeguarding and Improving Soils

Where appropriate, new development will be expected to safeguard and improve soils that are situated on the site. Where appropriate applicants for new development will be required to submit a Soil Resource Survey which identifies the quality, characteristics and distribution of the soils on the site. This should be followed by a Soil Resource Plan which sets out how the soils will be managed sustainably during construction. Developers are encouraged to include areas within residential development that provide suitable conditions for food growing. Such areas should be integrated into the development, taking account of the need for a reliable water supply, shelter and adequate access, and should provide suitable soil quality and depth. Alternatively, proposals for improvements to nearby allotments will be considered.

Protecting Biodiversity and Geodiversity

The Council will support development which maintains, protects and enhances biodiversity across the Borough. Proposals for new development should minimise impacts on biodiversity and provide net gains in biodiversity where possible. Proposals will be expected to improve access to important biodiversity areas, and will be required to show full details of measures to achieve this in the form of a suitable Management Plan. Consideration must be given to the Council's Biodiversity and Development Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) and any other relevant guidance. Designated biodiversity and geodiversity sites There is a presumption in favour of the preservation and enhancement of sites of international and national importance. Development proposals that would cause a direct or indirect adverse effect on any site of international or national importance, including its qualifying habitats and species will only be permitted where the Council and relevant partner organisations are satisfied that: • The adverse effect cannot be avoided (for example through locating the development on an alternative site); and • Any adverse impacts can be mitigated for example through appropriate habitat creation, restoration or enhancement on site or in another appropriate location, in agreement with the Council and relevant partner organisations, via planning conditions, agreements or obligations. Where mitigation is not possible or viable or where there would still be significant residual harm following mitigation, compensation measures should be made to provide an area of equivalent or greater biodiversity value. Compensation should be secured through planning conditions or planning obligations. Special compensation considerations apply in the case of Natura 2000 sites. If harm to such sites is allowed because the development meets the above criteria and imperative reasons of overriding public interest have been demonstrated, the European Habitats and Wild Birds Directive requires that all necessary compensatory measures are taken to ensure the overall coherence of the network of European Sites as a whole is protected. Local wildlife sites and geological designations such as County wildlife sites, wildlife corridors and Local Geological Sites (LGS) will be afforded a high degree of protection from potentially harmful development, unless a strong socio-economic need can be demonstrated and the development cannot be situated in a less sensitive location. Assessing the effects of development on biodiversity and geodiversity Proposals for new development which may result in significant harm to biodiversity must be accompanied by appropriate surveys, undertaken by a suitably qualified person, to identify the potential effects of development. In such cases, the mitigation hierarchy, as referenced in the Council's Biodiversity and Development SPD should be applied and it must be demonstrated that avoidance measures have been considered and justification for ruling these out must be given. Where significant harm is avoidable, it should be adequately mitigated, or as a last resort, compensated for. Where mitigation is required in the form of species translocation, the Council will work with partners to identify suitable sites for translocation. Where there is evidence to suspect the presence of protected species, the planning application should be accompanied by appropriate, up-to-date surveys carried out at the correct time of year for the particular species assessing their presence to ensure that the proposal is sympathetic to the ecological interests of the site.

Protecting other Wildlife Features

New development should conserve and enhance biodiversity features, and proposals for new development should be submitted with landscaping proposals, including a Management Plan, which show how existing trees, riparian corridors/trees, hedgerows, ponds and other wildlife features will be integrated into the development. Landscaping proposals should also include new trees and other planting of suitable species for the location to enhance the landscape of the site and its surroundings as appropriate. Trees which positively contribute to the visual amenity and environmental value of that location will be protected. New development should not result in the loss of or damage to ancient woodland or veteran or aged trees outside woodland. Where the conservation of biodiversity features cannot be achieved, the applicant must justify their loss. Where the Council is satisfied that the loss is adequately justified, replacement trees, hedgerows, ponds and other wildlife features will be required. Proposals which include landscaping proposals, replacement of wildlife features, new wildlife features, or which integrate existing wildlife features into the development, will be required to demonstrate that measures will be put in place to manage these features as appropriate, including the use of suitable legal agreements.

Heritage Assets and their setting

The Council will, through planning decisions and in fulfilling its wider functions, proactively manage and work with partners to protect and enhance the character, appearance, archaeological and historic value and significance of the Borough's designated and undesignated heritage assets and their setting. Opportunities will also be pursued, to aid the promotion, understanding and interpretation of both heritage and cultural assets, as a means of maximising wider public benefits and in reinforcing Barrow's distinct identity. Key elements which contribute to the Borough's identity, and which will therefore be a priority for safeguarding and enhancing into the future, include: 1. The Furness Abbey Scheduled Ancient Monument and its setting; 2. 14th Century castles such Piel Castle and Dalton Castle and key religious sites and their setting; 3. Barrow Town Hall, Ramsden Square and Schneider Square and associated statues as well as the streets and spaces which interconnect and provide setting for these assets; 4. Wide, Victorian, tree–lined routes into and around Barrow such as Abbey Road and Hartington Street and the grid-iron pattern of areas of terraced housing in and around Barrow town centre; 5. Remnants of the Borough's industrial heritage including sandstone workshop buildings, the imposing former worker's tenement blocks on Barrow Island, the slag bank, former iron workings and neighbourhoods of older traditional housing. 6. Coastal features including Jubilee Bridge, Roa Island jetty, pill boxes, Walney and Rampside lighthouses and Cavendish Dock; 7. Barrow Park, including the cenotaph and bandstand; 8. Conservation areas and Listed Buildings across the Borough; 9. Key cultural assets encompassing parklands, woodland, landscapes, coastlines, museums, libraries, art galleries, public art, local food and drink and local customs and traditions. As well as fulfilling its statutory obligations, the Council will: a) Seek to identify, protect and enhance local heritage assets; b) Promote heritage-led regeneration including in relation to development opportunities; c) Produce conservation area appraisals and management plans; d) Develop a positive strategy to safeguard the future of any heritage assets that are considered to be "at risk"; e) Adopt a proactive approach to utilising development opportunities to increase the promotion and interpretation of the Borough's rich archaeological wealth; and f) Develop a positive heritage strategy across the Borough.

Information required for proposals involving heritage assets

When determining proposals involving heritage assets, or involving sites where there are reasonable grounds for the potential of unknown assets of archaeological interest to be, the following information shall be submitted by the applicant as part of the application: a) An assessment of the asset's significance including any contribution made by its setting, and an assessment of the potential impact of the proposal on that significance, using appropriate expertise. The level of information required will be proportionate to the assets significance and to the scale of the impact of the proposal and may require, where necessary, a desk based assessment and a field evaluation prior to the determination of the proposal; and b) A full programme of work together with proposals to mitigate any adverse impact of the proposed development. Where appropriate, work will be implemented through measures secured by planning condition(s) or through a legal agreement.

Listed Buildings

Proposals for works to listed buildings, including alterations, extensions or change of use and development affecting setting should not cause unacceptable harm to its significance, including those elements which contribute to their special architectural or historic interest, and setting. Opportunities to enhance and better reveal their significance will be supported. Substantial harm to, or loss of, a Grade II listed building should be exceptional. Substantial harm to, or loss of, Grade I and II* listed buildings should be wholly exceptional. Proposals which involve substantial harm to, or loss of, a listed building including to its setting, will be refused unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply: a) The nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; b) That no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; c) That conservation through grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and d) The harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use. Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighted against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use.

Conservation Areas

Development within or affecting the setting of Conservation Areas will only be permitted where it preserves or enhances the character or appearance of the Area. Proposals for all new development, including alterations and extensions to buildings and their re-use, must be sensitive and appropriate to the character of the area. Any replacement feature should match the original where it makes a positive contribution to the Conservation Area and its setting. Proposals must be supported by any relevant Conservation Area Appraisal or Management Plan. In particular it should respect all of the following: a) The character of existing architecture and any historical associations by having due regard to positioning and grouping of buildings, form, scale, enclosure, detailing and use of traditional materials; b) Existing hard and soft landscape features including open space, trees, walls and surfacing; c) Traditional plot boundaries and frontage widths; and d) Significant views into or out of the Areas. Proposals should also avoid the loss of public and private open space which makes a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area and its setting. Through Conservation Area Appraisals the Council will identify any opportunities for new development to enhance or better reveal their significance.

Demolition in a Conservation Area

Proposals for the demolition of a building in a Conservation Area must demonstrate one of the following criteria: a) It is unrealistic for the building to continue in its existing use and a suitable alternative use cannot be found; or b) The building is in poor structural condition and the cost of repairing and maintaining it would be disproportionate to its importance and value; or c) The demolition would preserve or enhance the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. Proposals for the demolition or substantial loss of a building which makes a positive contribution to the special character and appearance of a conservation area will not be permitted unless it can be demonstrated that the tests in national planning policy can be met.

Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Development will not be permitted where it would cause unacceptable harm to a scheduled ancient monument or a non designated asset of national importance, and their settings. Proposals that affect non-designated assets will be assessed on the significance of the assets and the scale of likely harm to establish whether the development is acceptable in principle. Where this is the case, the Council will seek to ensure the mitigation of archaeological harm through the preservation in situ as a preferred solution. When in situ preservation is not justified, the developer will be required to make adequate provision for the excavation and recording of assets to a level that is proportionate to their significance and to the scale of the impact of the proposal. Where possible, opportunities should also be taken to promote and provide interpretation of archaeological assets. Where there is knowledge that there are archaeological remains or where there are reasonable grounds for the potential of unknown assets of archaeological interest to be, proposals should be accompanied by an assessment of the significance of the asset and how it will be affected by the proposed development including where their significance, extent and state of preservation is not clear. The level of information required will be proportionate to the asset's significance and to the scale of the impact of the proposal, and may require, where necessary, archaeological desk-based assessment and field evaluation.

Annual Housing Requirement

The Council is required to set a housing requirement, or target, in its Local Plan based on the most up-to-date evidence available.

Empty Homes

Empty property can blight otherwise attractive neighbourhoods, and can attract anti-social behaviour, such as fly tipping and drug taking. Empty properties are also a wasted resource that could in other circumstances be providing homes for people who need them. Bringing empty homes back into use is a sustainable way of increasing the overall supply of housing and reducing blight on neighbourhoods.

Housing Mix

The Council will work with developers and Registered Social Landlords to deliver housing that reflects the needs and aspirations of those in the Borough whilst providing quality and choice for those looking for new properties. The policy will be applied on a site by site basis and it is intended a mix of types, tenures and sizes will be achieved across the Borough so that each of the site allocations will be viable and contribute to delivering and improved housing offer within the Borough. However it is expected that on larger sites a broad mix of types and sizes of dwellings will be provided to meet a range of needs and demands as outlined in the Councils SHMA and Housing Needs Assessment.

Homes for Life

The policy relies on the standards contained within Building Regulations with the added emphasis on encouraging new development that can be readily adapted to meet the needs of the elderly and those with disabilities.

Regenerating the Housing Stock

The Council, in line with its identified strategic priorities, is committed to continuing to promote the clearance and/or regeneration of the oldest and poorest housing of greatest need in the Borough in order to improve the environment in those areas and make them more attractive places to live. In addition the Council is committed to working with partners and service providers to enhance the built environment and public realm.

Affordable Housing

The NPPF (2012) states that in order to deliver a wide choice of high quality homes, local planning authorities should use an evidence base to ensure that the Local Plan meets the full, objectively assessed needs for market and affordable housing. The Council, in order to ensure viability and deliverability, must be sure that requiring an element of affordable housing on all sites, or even sites over a certain size will not jeopardise the development of that site.

Gypsy and Traveller Accommodation

The Council specifically need to meet the needs of hard to reach groups and ethnic minorities within the Borough. In doing so we must take steps to provide adequate sites to meet the needs of Gypsies and Travellers. Failure to provide adequate sites can mean increasing use of unauthorised encampments.

Loss of sunlight or daylight

Extensions to dwellings will be permitted unless they adversely affect the amenities of neighbouring properties by virtue of an undue loss of sunlight or daylight or by the creation of an overbearing impact or unacceptable level of enclosure. The Local Planning Authority will refer to the standards laid out by the BRE (or any subsequent replacement standards) on sunlighting and daylighting in its assessments of applications.

Protection of Residential Privacy

Proposals for extensions must demonstrate through good design that an acceptable standard of privacy can be maintained between opposing and neighbouring properties. Principal windows in the side elevations of habitable rooms at upper floor levels should be avoided where the privacy of neighbouring occupiers will be compromised. Where privacy is to be protected by distance alone, a minimum of 21 metres will be required between the facing windows of habitable rooms of opposing homes. Exceptions may be made for the facing windows of ground floor habitable rooms where adequate screening exists and in cases where normal standards of separation cannot be achieved and existing standards will not be eroded by accepting distances of less than 21 metres. In all situations the use of obscure glazing in the principal windows of habitable rooms will not be an acceptable measure to overcome the provisions of this policy as this is deemed to provide a sub-standard level of accommodation. Habitable areas are defined as living rooms, bedrooms, studies, dining rooms, and kitchens with dining areas.

Prevention of Terracing Effect

Single or two-storey side extensions will be permitted providing that they are designed to avoid the creation of a terracing effect that would be detrimental to existing townscape character if repeated in a street.

Design of Extensions on Corner Plots

Extensions on corner plots or in other prominent positions will be permitted providing that they are sufficiently well-integrated, proportioned and designed to maintain or enhance the character and appearance of the main building, streetscene and the character of the area. The width of the extension should not encroach beyond the building lines on either frontage where this would adversely impact upon the character of the area and should not be detrimental to the character or spaciousness of the area.

Distribution of Housing

Barrow remains the most sustainable location for housing given that it is the main focus for employment and services. Increasing the amount of development however in Dalton, Askam and Ireleth, Newton and Lindal will allow them to grow sustainably whilst improving choice in the Borough.

Design of Roofs

Extension roofs will need to match the pitch and materials used on the main building. The ridge height must be lower than those on the original building to avoid the creation of a dominant extension in relation to the original dwelling or within the wider streetscene. Flat roofed extensions may be acceptable to the rear of properties where they do not impact upon the streetscene or the amenities of neighbouring properties. They will however be restricted at the side or front of dwellings or in any other prominent positions that would impact unduly on streetscene form and character.

Front Extensions

Single and two storey front extensions will only be allowed where they: a) Are not intrusive upon the character of the street scene in the context of the building line; b) Are sympathetically designed in respect of the main buildings existing architecture, its scale and layout; and c) Do not adversely impact upon the amenities of neighbouring occupiers.

Design of Dormer Windows

Dormer extensions will be permitted providing they are in keeping with the design and character of the host building in terms of scale, form, detailing and materials. Generally, the same roofing materials should be used for the front and cheeks of the dormer as the host building. Darker materials are more recessive than light renders and two small neat dormers are preferable to a single large "box" design. Dormers shall be no higher than the original height of the main ridge of the property. Proposals should not harm the character of the streetscene or the amenity of neighbouring residents.

Conversion of Garages

Applications involving the loss of garages or access thereto will be permitted only where it can be demonstrated that sufficient alternative off street parking provision is available behind the building line or in such other position as will not have an adverse visual impact on the character of the area or on highway safety.

New Garages

Proposals for new garages will be supported where the garage is located behind the front building line, a minimum of 6 metres from the highway unless accessed directly from a back street. Proposals must demonstrate that the existing streetscene character and highway safety would not be compromised by the proposal. Driveways should be designed to minimise flood risk, for example through the use of permeable materials where ground conditions allow, and avoid surface water runoff onto the public highway. New or redeveloped garages should have minimum internal dimensions of 2.6 metres wide and 6.0 metres long where possible to provide space for car parking and adequate space for domestic storage. Smaller dimensions will be considered where there is adequate enclosed space for storage elsewhere at the property. Garage doors for vehicle access must have a minimum unrestricted clearance of 2.2m wide.

Design of Patio areas and Balconies

The creation of patio areas and balconies over house extensions will be approved providing they are of good design and do not represent an unacceptable loss of privacy to the occupiers of neighbouring properties or occupy a prominent position such that a detrimental intrusion into the character of the streetscene would be created.

Allocated Housing Sites

The NPPF (2012) requires Local Authorities to allocate sites for residential development in order to meet the housing requirement.

Development Cordons

These settlements have been assessed for their accessibility and sustainability and the Development Cordons for the settlements of Askam & Ireleth, Lindal and Newton have been amended to allow for some sustainable development. Some development will be permitted within the Development Cordons at North Scale and Rampside. The settlements of Marton, Biggar and Roa Island are considered to be within the open countryside.

Residential Development in the Open Countryside

The NPPF (2012) states 'to promote sustainable development in rural areas, housing should be located, where it will enhance or maintain the vitality of rural communities.' It then goes on to state there are special circumstances where isolated homes in the countryside may be permissible, such as the rural workforce who find it essential to live at their place of work, and this policy is based on the criteria set out in the NPPF (2012).

Extensions and Ancillary Buildings relating to Dwellings in the Open Countryside

Proposals to extend an existing dwelling in the countryside, or to provide ancillary buildings, will be permitted where the appearance of the extended dwelling and the position and design of the ancillary building respects the form and character of the original building and surrounding landscape with regard to scale, design and use of materials. Proposals should also have regard to Policy N3.

Housing Development

Applications for residential development will be permitted where they satisfy all of the following criteria: a) The site is located within or adjoining the built up areas of Barrow and Dalton or within a development cordon identified in Policy H4; b) Site planning, layout and servicing arrangements are developed comprehensively; c) Buildings are well designed in terms of siting, grouping, scale, orientation, detailing, external finishes, security and landscaping in response to the form, scale, character, environmental quality and appearance of the site and the surrounding area; d) An acceptable standard of amenity is created for future residents of the property in terms of sunlighting, daylighting, privacy, outlook, noise and ventilation; e) The site is served by a satisfactory access that would not impact unduly on the highway network; f) The site has been designed to promote accessibility by walking, cycling and public transport, as opposed to the private car; g) The development is sustainable in its energy usage, environmental impact, drainage, waste management, transport implications and is not at risk of flooding; h) The capacity of the current and proposed infrastructure to serve the development is adequate taking into account committed and planned housing development; i) Where spare infrastructure capacity is not available, the site has the ability to provide for the infrastructure requirements it generates, subject to criterion f); j) Within rural settlements the applicant will be expected to demonstrate how the development will enhance or maintain the vitality of the rural community where the housing is proposed; k) Where the site is located on the edge of Barrow and Dalton, the applicant will be required to demonstrate how the development integrates within existing landscape features and is physically linked to the settlement and does not lead to an unacceptable intrusion into the open countryside or would result in the visual or physical coalescence of settlements; l) The proposal will not harm the historic environment, heritage assets or their setting; m) There would be no unacceptable effects on the amenities and living conditions of surrounding properties from overlooking, loss of light, the overbearing nature of the proposal or an unacceptable increase in on-street parking; and n) The development must comply with Policy N3 and the design principles set out in the Development Strategy chapter should be followed. The site should make effective use of previously developed land where possible.

Housing in Residential Gardens

Proposals for housing development in existing residential gardens will be permitted providing all of the following criteria can be met: a) The scale, design and siting of the proposal would not result in a cramped form of development out of character with the surrounding environment; b) A useable shape and scale of garden proportionate to the dwelling size, including private space, that reflects the form and character of those predominant in the area, can be created for both the proposed new house and the existing house; c) The site is served by a suitable access and the proposal does not compromise any existing access arrangement; d) The proposal, by way of design, siting, boundary treatments and landscaping integrates seamlessly into the surrounding built, natural and, where relevant, historic environment; e) There would be no unacceptable effects on the amenities and living conditions of surrounding properties from overlooking, loss of light, the overbearing nature of the proposal or an unacceptable increase in street parking; f) The proposal does not prejudice the development potential of an adjacent site; g) The proposal is capable of demonstrating how it will enhance the ease of movement for wildlife and the creation of habitat; and h) Development should not cause unjustifiable harm to the significance of any heritage assets on or otherwise affected by the development.

Housing Density

A range of densities will be appropriate for different sites and in different parts of the Borough. The Council is keen to provide flexibility in order to provide a mix of housing as opposed to the stricter density restrictions in past Local Plans. For all sites the applicant will be required, in consultation with the planning authority, to propose a density appropriate to the character of the location of the development.

Annual Housing Requirement

Planning permission will be granted for housing proposals that will deliver the housing allocations set out in this Plan and contribute to achieving an annual average Borough-wide housing target of at least 119 net additional dwellings per year over the Plan period 2016/17 to 2030/31. This equates to an overall housing requirement over the Plan period of at least 1785 net additional dwellings. Any unallocated sites which come forward for development which would prejudice the delivery of this strategy will be resisted. In bringing forward allocations, developers must comply with the policies within this Local Plan and must help deliver sustainable communities. When calculating the 5 year housing requirement, any shortfall against this figure since the start of the Plan period will be added, along with a 5% or 20% buffer brought forward from later in the Plan period where appropriate as required by the NPPF (2012). Housing delivery will be monitored closely and if the number of houses built is not as expected, interventions will be sought, which may include bringing forward additional allocations (see Policy H10 and its supporting text).

Empty Homes

The Council will maximise the use of the existing housing stock by working with developers and partners through the production of an Empty Homes Strategy to increase the number of empty homes being brought back into use.

Housing Mix

In order to broaden and enhance the residential offer within the Borough development proposals will be expected to provide a mix of different types, tenures and sizes of housing to address local need and aspirations and developers will be required to demonstrate how this need has been met as evidenced by: a) Any relevant and up to date SHMA or Housing Need Assessment for the Borough; b) Any other relevant and suitably evidenced housing needs information; c) The location and characteristics of the site; d) The mix of dwelling type, tenure and size in the surrounding area; and e) Housing market conditions and demand at the time of the application.

Homes for Life

Developers should state how their development will be able to meet the changing housing needs of occupiers. The Council aims to ensure that every resident, in particular older people, are able to secure and sustain independence in a home appropriate to their circumstances and to actively encourage developers to build new homes so that they can be readily adapted to meet the needs of those with disabilities and the elderly as well as assisting independent living at home. Provision of retirement accommodation, residential care homes, close care, Extra Care and assisted care housing and Continuing Care Retirement Communities will be encouraged in suitable sustainable locations.

Regenerating the Housing Stock

In Neighbourhood Renewal Areas the clearance and/or the redevelopment of cleared sites for residential use or other environmental improvements, will be encouraged and permitted where there are clear environmental and community benefits of doing so.

Affordable Housing

Delivery of affordable housing, including Rent to Buy homes, will be supported where the proposal meets national and local policy. Proposals for housing development will be assessed according to how well they meet the identified needs and aspirations of the Borough's housing market area as set out in the most up-to-date Strategic Housing Market Assessment and/or any more recent evidence of need. It is expected that 10% of dwellings on sites of 10 units or over should be affordable (as defined by the NPPF (2012) or any document which replaces it). Alternatively contributions to the provision of affordable units off-site will be considered where justified. On and off site provision will be secured through a Section 106 Agreement. Tenure split must reflect that stated as required in the latest Strategic Housing Market Assessment where possible. A lower proportion of affordable housing, or an alternative tenure split, may be permitted where it can be clearly demonstrated by way of a financial appraisal that the development would not otherwise be financially viable either due to this requirement or due to the cumulative impact of this requirement and other required contributions. Early dialogue with the Council on this matter is essential. It is not acceptable to sub-divide a site and purposely design a scheme to avoid making affordable housing contributions.

Gypsy and Traveller Accommodation

Applications for gypsy and traveller accommodation, either permanent, transit or temporary pitches, must meet all of the following criteria: a) Be accessible to shops, schools, community and health facilities by public transport, on foot or by cycle; b) Offer safe and convenient pedestrian, vehicular access and parking without unacceptable impact on highway safety; c) Be capable of being provided with on-site services for water supply, power, drainage, sewage disposal and waste disposal facilities; d) Be well laid out and carefully designed; e) Not have unacceptable adverse impact upon the residential amenity of those on neighbouring sites by way of the loss of sunlight, daylight, outlook and privacy; f) Not unacceptably harm the visual amenities of the area and includes adequate planting and landscaping where necessary; g) Not be located in areas at high risk of flooding or unstable land; and h) Comply with the relevant policies in the Development Plan.

Loss of sunlight or daylight

Extensions to dwellings will be permitted unless they adversely affect the amenities of neighbouring properties by virtue of an undue loss of sunlight or daylight or by the creation of an overbearing impact or unacceptable level of enclosure. The Local Planning Authority will refer to the standards laid out by the BRE (or any subsequent replacement standards) on sunlighting and daylighting in its assessments of applications.

Distribution of Housing

In order to encourage sustainable growth in line with the development strategy set out in Policy DS3, the following hierarchy and development of distribution will be used: Sites have been identified which will deliver housing development concentrated in the Principal Centre of Barrow (74%); followed by the Key Centre of Dalton (18%), the Local Centre of Askam & Ireleth (6%) and Newton and Lindal (2%). Housing development outside the settlements listed in this policy will require exceptional justification. See Policy H5.

Large Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs) and the Subdivision of Dwellings

Proposals for the subdivision of dwellings and those which involve the creation of large houses in multiple occupation (over 6 occupiers) will be acceptable providing that: a) Such proposals do not lead to the unacceptable loss of good quality family housing, taking into account housing needs identified in the current Strategic Housing Market Assessment; b) There will be no unacceptable impact on the residential amenity of neighbouring properties, especially with respect to privacy, noise and other disturbance; c) The proposal would not adversely affect the character of the building or the surrounding area, for example through an unacceptable increase in on-street parking; d) The proposed internal design ensures that units will have access to sufficient natural light, ventilation, privacy, outlook and indoor amenity space; e) The proposal does not lead to inappropriate stacking of rooms; f) Adequate suitably screened space is provided for the storage of refuse, recycling bins and cycles; g) Outdoor amenity space is provided where possible; h) There is adequate access from the residential unit to both the front and rear of the building; i) The proposal would not lead to an over-concentration of similar uses resulting in the loss of social and community cohesion; and j) The site is within easy reach of public transport and community facilities. The design principles set out in the Development Strategy chapter should be followed where appropriate.

Allocated Housing Sites

In order to meet the housing requirement over the Plan period, a number of specific sites are allocated for residential development. These are listed in Table 7 and are identified in the Proposals Maps (Appendices A-C) and in Appendix F.

Development Cordons

In the following villages, residential development and the conversion of existing buildings for residential purposes will be permitted within the development cordon, especially if it contributes to the maintenance of that community: Askam & Ireleth, Lindal, Newton, North Scale, Rampside (see Appendix G)

Residential development in the open countryside

New housing in the open countryside will only be permitted where the Council is satisfied that the proposal meets specific local needs, including provision for rural workers, replacement dwellings, temporary accommodation to support a new rural enterprise and conversions. Applications will require supporting evidence prepared by a suitably qualified person to justify the need for such housing. Development must accord with relevant Local Plan Policies regarding landscape and biodiversity and the principles set out in the Council's Green Infrastructure Strategy. Rural Workers Dwellings 1) Proposals for new-build rural workers dwellings in the open countryside will only be permitted where the dwelling is required to meet the proven essential needs of a rural worker and the following criteria are met: a) The business requires the permanent attendance of a worker on site; b) The need cannot be met by any existing dwelling or other accommodation at the business or in the general locality; c) Audited accounts from the previous three years show that the business is financially sound and has a reasonable prospect of remaining so; d) The size of the dwelling is appropriate to the need, the design is appropriate to the landscape, it is located adjacent to any existing buildings and uses the existing access; and e) A planning condition is attached to ensure that occupancy of the dwelling(s) is confined to rural workers. Replacement Dwellings 2) The replacement of existing dwellings in the countryside will only be permitted where all of the following criteria are met: a) The replacement dwelling makes a positive visual contribution to the rural environment. b) The scale of the replacement dwelling matches the existing dwelling. c) The existing dwelling is not derelict (i.e. incapable of being re-inhabited without carrying out works requiring planning consent). d) Expert advice has been sought and an appropriate course of action has been agreed in cases where the existing dwelling provides habitat to wildlife species protected by law. The demolition and replacement of dwellings will not be permitted where the existing dwelling is a heritage asset, contributes to the setting of other heritage assets or makes a positive contribution to the character of the countryside even in cases where the criteria listed above can be met. Temporary Accommodation 3) Accommodation that is required in relation to a new rural enterprise, such as a mobile home will only be approved on a temporary basis, subject to not causing an undue visual impact on the surrounding countryside or when viewed from a public right of way. Conversions 4) Conversion of redundant or disused buildings will be permitted provided that each of the following criteria is satisfied: a) The application is accompanied by evidence that the building is structurally sound and capable of conversion without substantial rebuilding work or extension; b) The development would lead to an enhancement of the immediate setting of the building; c) The development is of a high standard of design appropriate to the character of the host building and the open countryside location; d) The development would be able to access the road network without the need to construct access roads, the nature of which would have an unacceptable impact on the landscape; e) Any ancillary buildings are appropriate in scale, design, materials a

Housing Density

Developers can determine the most appropriate density on a site by site basis, providing that the scheme meets the design principles set out in this Plan and is appropriate to the character of the location of the development in negotiation with the planning authority. Variations in density will be supported on larger sites in order to create distinctive character areas.

Conversion of upper floors to residential units within the Town Centre

The conversion of upper floors to residential use will be permitted where this will assist the regeneration of the area and will bring back vacant properties into use subject to the site being capable of providing an acceptable level of residential amenity and access for future occupiers. Any external alteration, such as the addition of front doors etc., must not harm the character and appearance of the town centre. Developments that rely solely on access from a back street will not be permitted unless the scheme provides for suitable upgrading of the back street.

Telecommunications

The Mobile Operators Association considers it important that there remains in place a telecommunications policy within the Local Plan.

Developer Contributions

Development and infrastructure provision will be coordinated to ensure that growth is supported by the timely provision of adequate infrastructure, facilities and services. The Infrastructure Delivery Plan will be used to identify the timing, type and number of infrastructure requirements to support the objectives and policies of the Plan as well as the main funding mechanisms and lead agencies responsible for their delivery. All development should make the most efficient use of existing infrastructure where there is capacity. Where developments will create additional need for improvements / provision of infrastructure, services or facilities or exacerbate an existing deficiency, contributions will be sought to ensure that the appropriate enhancements / improvements are made, and appropriate management arrangements are in place. Consideration will be given to how these requirements will affect the viability of development. The types of infrastructure that developments may be required to provide contributions towards include, but are not limited to: - Utilities and waste; - Flood prevention and sustainable drainage measures; - Transport (highway, rail, bus and cycle / footpath network and any associated facilities); - Community Infrastructure including health, education, libraries, public realm, heritage and geological assets and other community facilities (see 5.2.1.); - Green Infrastructure (such as outdoor sports facilities, open space, parks, allotments, play areas, enhancing and conserving biodiversity and management of environmentally sensitive areas); and - Climate change and energy initiatives through allowable solutions. Developer contributions for the above will be informed by relevant up to date and robust evidence where applicable. Where appropriate, the Council will permit developers to provide the necessary infrastructure themselves as part of their development proposals, rather than making financial contributions, subject to agreement with relevant consultees.

Telecommunications

Developments which seek to extend or improve connectivity through new telecommunications infrastructure will be permitted providing the following criteria are met: a) The siting and appearance of the proposed apparatus and associated structures should seek to minimise impact on the visual amenity, character or appearance of the surrounding area; b) If on a building, apparatus and associated structures should be sited and designed in order to seek to minimise impact to the external appearance of the host building; c) If proposing a new mast, it should be demonstrated that the applicant has explored the possibility of erecting apparatus on existing buildings, masts or other structures; d) Any new mast should consider including additional structural capacity to take account of possible future needs from other operators wishing to site share, taking account of viability and feasibility; e) The proposed apparatus and associated structures will not have an unacceptable impact on landscape character; f) The proposed apparatus and associated structures will not have an unacceptable impact upon designated sites or areas of ecological interest; and g) The proposed apparatus and associated structures will not cause unacceptable harm to archaeological sites, conservation areas or buildings of architectural or historic interest, including heritage assets and their settings. When considering applications for telecommunications development, the planning authority will have regard to the operational requirements of telecommunications networks and the technical limitations of the technology.

Development Strategy

A balance must be struck in planning policy in order to try and stabilise the negative trends, and the effects of these, by facilitating sustainable growth in accordance with the NPPF (2012). For Barrow Borough the effects of the negative trends have been most acutely experienced in Barrow town centre, compared to the smaller town of Dalton and settlements of Askam & Ireleth and the outlying villages. Flexible, criteria-based planning policies, aligned with other local strategic policies, can foster the social, environmental and economic conditions necessary to promote positive trends able to sustain growth and improve Barrow's offer to employers, workers and visitors. This strategy represents a change in approach for the Council by moving away from the concentration of development on brownfield sites within Barrow, to a range of brownfield and greenfield sites, in locations throughout the Borough. This will provide residents with a wider housing offer, whilst still supporting housing renewal and regeneration projects. The approach offers the most flexibility across the Plan period and is in accordance with the NPPF (2012).

Opportunity Areas

This policy will help to facilitate the development of a number of vacant brownfield sites which are identified in the Local Plan as Opportunity Areas. The identified areas provide significant regeneration opportunities, and the policy is flexible in allowing a mix of uses on these sites, providing they are in conformity with other policies in the development plan.

Council's commitment to Sustainable Development

When determining planning applications the Council will take a positive approach to ensure development is sustainable. The Council will work pro-actively with applicants to find positive solutions that allow suitable proposals for sustainable developments to be approved wherever possible. The Council is committed to seeking to enhance the quality of life for residents by taking an integrated approach to protect, conserve and enhance the built, natural and historic environment whilst ensuring access to essential services and facilities and a wider choice of housing. This will enable the Local Plan's Vision and Objectives to be met and to secure development that simultaneously achieves economic, social and environmental gains for the Borough. Planning applications that accord with the Development Plan will be approved without delay, unless material considerations indicate otherwise. Where there are no policies relevant to the application or relevant policies are out of date at the time of making the decision then the Council will grant permission unless material considerations indicate otherwise, taking into account whether: a) Any adverse impacts of granting permission would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits when assessed against the policies in the National Planning Policy Framework (or any document which replaces it) taken as a whole; or b) Specific policies in the Framework (or any document which replaces it) indicate that development should be restricted.

Sustainable Development Criteria

In order to meet the objectives outlined in Policy DS1, subject to other Development Plan policies which may determine the suitability of particular sites, where possible all proposals should meet all of the following criteria taking into account the scale of development and magnitude of impact and any associated mitigation by: a) Ensuring that proposed development incorporates green infrastructure designed and integrated to enable accessibility by walking, cycling and public transport for main travel purposes, particularly from areas of employment and retail, leisure and education facilities; b) Ensuring development does not prejudice road safety or increase congestion at junctions that are identified by the Local Highway Authority as being over-capacity; c) Ensuring access to necessary services, facilities and infrastructure and ensuring that proposed development takes into account the capacity of existing or planned utilities infrastructure; d) Ensuring that the health, safety and environmental effects of noise, smell, dust, light, vibration, fumes or other forms of pollution or nuisance arising from the proposed development including from associated traffic are within acceptable levels; e) Respecting the residential amenity of existing and committed dwellings, particularly privacy, security and natural light; f) Protecting the health, safety or amenity of occupants or users of the proposed development; g) Contributing to the enhancement of the character, appearance and historic interest of related landscapes, settlements, street scenes, buildings, open spaces, trees and other environmental assets; h) Contributing to the enhancement of biodiversity and geodiversity; i) Ensuring that construction and demolition materials are re-used on the site if possible; j) Avoiding adverse impact on mineral extraction and agricultural production; k) Ensuring that proposals incorporate energy and water efficiency measures (in accordance with the relevant Building Regulations), the use of sustainable drainage systems where appropriate and steers development away from areas of flood risk; l) Ensuring that any proposed development conserves and enhances the historic environment including heritage assets and their settings; and m) Development must comply with Policy DS3. Where the applicant demonstrates that one or more of the criteria cannot be met, they must highlight how the development will contribute towards the achievement of the Local Plan objectives by alternative means.

Development Strategy

The Council will pursue an overarching strategy of sustainable growth, redistributing development across the Borough, to improve the residential environment of the central Barrow area and whilst also allowing some development adjoining Barrow and Dalton and within the development cordons. Other development will be supported where it complies with local and national planning policy. The distribution of housing development is outlined in Policy H2, and Policy H3 contains a balanced portfolio of sites, in a range of locations throughout the Borough, both brownfield and greenfield in order to support the achievement of this Strategy, other windfall developments will be supported where the proposal accords with national and local policy. This Strategy seeks to promote the opportunities and strengths enjoyed by the Borough and achieve sustainable development that enhances its offer in terms of housing, employment, leisure and culture, and encourages inward investment.

Opportunity Areas

Land identified as an Opportunity Area on the Proposals Map is considered to be a regeneration opportunity site suitable for a mix of housing, employment, culture, leisure, open space and tourism development sensitive to its location and surrounding land uses, with the objective of regenerating the area with a high standard of design and sense of place. Proposals must have regard to historical context and industrial legacy and must comply with relevant policies in the Development Plan.

Loss of Self-catering Holiday Accommodation

Applications for the change of use of properties which currently or were most recently used to provide self-catering accommodation must include commercial evidence that their continued use is no longer economically viable and that the premises do not have the potential to become viable. This would include the premises being advertised on the open market, at a realistic price, for a minimum of 12 months, that no reasonable offer has been refused and that evidence is provided to show the property has been advertised at least four times at roughly equal periods over the previous year in relevant media.

Self-catering Holiday Accommodation

Proposals for new self catering holiday accommodation, or extensions of existing units, will be approved within the built-up area of Barrow and Dalton and the development cordons identified, providing the design, siting, layout and access are satisfactory. Conditions will be attached to any planning permission to ensure that letting is on a short term basis. In urban fringe or rural areas, proposals for the conversion of existing buildings to self catering accommodation will be approved where they meet all of the following criteria: a) The building is structurally sound and capable of conversion without major rebuilding, extension or modification to the existing structure; b) The building is served by a satisfactory access; c) Services are readily available on site; d) The buildings are well related to existing buildings or uses on the site where appropriate; e) The number of units is appropriate to its surroundings; f) The proposal will not have an adverse impact on local amenities by virtue of noise and disturbance; and g) The proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan. New build self-catering holiday accommodation within urban fringe or rural areas will be accepted where it meets criteria b-g above.

Caravan and Camping Sites

Touring caravan and camping sites and proposals for permanent caravan sites will be permitted provided that they meet all of the following criteria: a) Suitable access is available from primary or district distributor roads; b) The proposal would not result in unacceptable nuisance to sensitive neighbouring uses in terms of noise or traffic; c) Sites are connected to the mains foul sewer where practicable. Where it is demonstrated that this is not practicable then an appropriate non-mains drainage treatment system must be provided; d) The area is not at risk of flooding; e) Proposals for permanent caravan sites will be expected to include on-site facilities providing clean water, a sanitary disposal unit and adequate fire protection equipment; f) Any ancillary buildings, such as shower blocks, toilets or reception buildings are sensitively located within the site and are of an appropriate design, scale and materials; and g) The proposal complies with the relevant policies in the Development Plan.

The Vision for Barrow and Dalton Town Centres

Proposals for development or alterations within Barrow and Dalton town centres must support the Local Plan Vision for those areas.

Sequential Test for Other Non-Retail Main Town Centre Uses

To enhance the vitality and viability of Barrow and Dalton Town Centres, new main town centre uses are acceptable in principle within the defined Town Centre. Proposals for main town centre uses, other than retail and office uses, in the edge of centre (within a 300m radius of the Town Centre boundary) will only be permitted if it can be demonstrated that there are no suitable sites within the Town Centre. Such uses will only be considered for out of centre locations if there is no suitable site within the Town Centre or edge of centre. Proposals for main town centre uses in edge of centre or out of centre locations must not prejudice the vitality and / or viability of the Town Centre as a whole. Proposals for main town centre uses will be situated in a location which is, or can be made accessible, by a range of means of transport other than the private car and which will not add excessively to the need to travel by private car. Where appropriate the applicant will be required to enter into a suitable legal agreement such as a Section 106 Agreement to provide improved access and linkages. Applications which are for the removal of existing goods restrictions on units within edge of centre or out of centre locations must also comply with this policy and applicants must make clear what the requirements of the operator are in order to ensure the sequential test has been carried out fully.

Sequential Test for New Office Developments

Office development will be required to undergo a sequential test whereby it must be located according to the following priority. Offices will only be permitted at one of the locations listed below where it can be demonstrated that a site in a higher priority location is either unavailable or unsuitable: 1. In a town centre; 2. An accessible edge of centre site, the boundary of which defined as being within 300 metres of a town centre, or a location within 500 metres of a public transport interchange; 3. Other areas acceptable for employment or non-town centre retailing as identified by other plan policy criteria for such uses. Offices will be permitted in the Primary Shopping Area where they accord with Policy R3.

Taxi Offices operating from a dwelling

Where planning permission is required, proposals to use part of a dwelling as a radio base for a private hire vehicle will normally be permitted where: a) No more than two vehicles will be operated from the premises and these must be of a domestic scale unless it can be demonstrated that there is sufficient off road parking available for additional vehicles without detriment to the amenities of neighbouring residents. Minibuses and coaches are not considered to be of a domestic scale; b) Any necessary radio equipment is not detrimental to the general amenities of the area; and c) Customers shall not attend the premises.

Taxi Offices

Planning applications for the use of non-residential premises for the control and administration of hackney carriages or private hire vehicles will be permitted providing: a) The site is not within a wholly residential area and the impact upon residential dwellings within the vicinity of the site is considered acceptable, particularly in terms of noise and traffic; b) The local highway network can support the additional traffic which will be generated by the use; and c) There is adequate off-street parking available within close proximity to the site ensuring all vehicles can be operated from the base.

Opening Hours of Bars and Nightclubs

When considering the appropriate hours of operation for bars and nightclubs, regard will be had to: a) The existence of an established evening economy in the area; b) The character and function of the immediate area; c) The potential benefits of the proposal for wider community; and d) Impact on residential amenity.

The Location of Hot Food Takeaways

Applications for hot food takeaways, including those which involve the relaxation of opening hours, will be permitted where: a) They are located within the urban boundaries of Barrow or Dalton or are within a Development Cordon identified in Policy H4; b) The applicant submits evidence to the Council's agreement to demonstrate that there will be no adverse impact upon the local environment and residential amenities by reason of noise, odour, litter, waste disposal, traffic and parking; and c) Full details are submitted at application stage of any extraction equipment in order that the visual implications can be fully assessed. This is of particular importance if any heritage assets or their setting are affected which may require additional detail. Grease traps will be required where necessary.

Opening Hours of Hot Food Takeaways

When considering appropriate hours of operation for hot food takeaways, regard will be had to: a) The existence of an established evening economy in the area; b) The character and function of the immediate area; c) The potential benefits of the proposal for the wider community; and d) Impact on residential amenity.

Residential Protection Areas

Conversion from residential to retail or commercial uses will only be permitted in Residential Protection Areas where there is no perceived threat to amenity in terms of opening hours, deliveries, traffic, waste and noise. Elsewhere, within predominantly residential areas, only shops and services not adversely affecting residential amenities will be permitted.

Neighbourhood Shopping Centres

Small scale retail developments, including proposals for changes of use to retail, will be looked upon favourably within the identified neighbourhood shopping centres and within rural villages where it can be demonstrated that the use serves a recognised local need. Applications that involve the loss of local shops and services that serve a recognised local need in residential neighbourhoods will be resisted where there is a need to maintain an adequate provision of essential local shops unless the applicant can demonstrate that the shop is no longer viable. The premises must have been advertised, at a reasonable price, for a minimum of 12 months, no reasonable offer must have been refused and the property must have been advertised on the open market for at least four times in the local media at roughly equal periods over the previous year.

Barrow Town Centre

For the purposes of interpreting the relevant policies in this chapter, Barrow's Town Centre is identified in Appendix H.

Barrow's Primary Shopping Area

The Primary Shopping Area is the focus for retail uses in Barrow. It's boundaries are shown in Appendix H. Proposals for other main town centre uses (i.e. not A1) will be supported within the defined primary shopping area, provided that: a) The proposal complements the retail function and makes a positive contribution to the vitality, viability and diversity of the town centre, in terms of maintaining active continuous retail frontages, signage and hours of opening; b) The proposal would not give rise, either alone or cumulatively, to a detrimental effect on the character and amenity of the primary shopping area, or cause an unacceptable harm to the amenity of town centre residents; and c) The proposal will not have an unacceptable impact upon the local highway network and acceptable levels of parking are available nearby.

Sequential Test for new Retail Developments in Barrow, including proposals which remove restrictive goods conditions on existing units

New retail development will be permitted in Barrow's primary shopping area. Where clear justification is provided by the applicant/agent and accepted by the Planning Authority for retail development to be located out of the primary shopping area, the first alternative should be an edge of centre site. An edge of centre site is one which is within 300 metres of the primary shopping area boundary. An out of centre location is the least preferred option and will only be permitted where clear and detailed justification is provided and accepted by the Local Planning Authority demonstrating that no sequentially preferable location would be feasible. Where it can be justified that a particular retail development is unable to be accommodated within the primary shopping area and an edge of centre or out of centre location is proposed, preference will be given to accessible sites that are well connected to the primary shopping area. Proposals for retail uses in edge of centre or out of centre locations must not prejudice the vitality and /or viability of the town centre as a whole and must not cause an unacceptable level of harm to the amenity of neighbouring residents. New retail uses must be situated in a location which is, or can be made accessible, by a range of means of transport other than the private car and which will not add excessively to the need to travel by private car. Where appropriate the applicant will be required to enter into a suitable legal agreement such as a Section 106 or 278 agreement to provide the necessary access and linkages. Applications for the removal of existing goods restrictions on units within edge of centre or out of centre locations must also comply with this policy and applicants must make clear what the operational and locational requirements of the operator are in order to ensure the sequential test has been carried out sufficiently.

Dalton Town Centre

For the purposes of interpreting the relevant policies in this Plan, Dalton Town Centre is identified in Appendix I.

Non-Retail Uses in Dalton Town Centre

Proposals for other main town centre uses (i.e. not A1) will be supported within Dalton town centre, provided: a) The proposal complements the retail function and makes a positive contribution to the vitality, viability and diversity of the town centre in terms of maintaining active continuous retail frontages, signage and hours of opening; b) The proposal would not give rise, either alone or cumulatively, to a detrimental effect on the character and amenity of the town centre; and c) The proposal would not harm the amenities of town centre residents.

Sequential Test for new Retail Developments in Dalton, including proposals which remove restrictive goods conditions on existing units

New retail development will be permitted in Dalton Town Centre. Where retail development cannot be accommodated within Dalton town centre an alternative location must be clearly justified through a detailed sequential test carried out by the applicant which conforms to national policy and guidance. Through the sequential test, the following alternative locations should be considered in order of preference, taking into account the hierarchy of centres in the Borough: - Barrow Primary Shopping Area - Barrow Edge of Centre - Out of Centre locations An out of centre location will only be acceptable if there are no sequentially preferable locations available, or likely to become available, providing that the proposal meets all other relevant Development Plan policies. Preference will be given to accessible sites which are well connected to the town centre and where appropriate the applicant will be required to enter into a suitable legal agreement, such as a Section 106 or 278 agreement to provide necessary access and linkages. Applications for the removal of existing goods restrictions on units outside Dalton town centre must also comply with this policy.

Impact Assessments – Retail in Barrow

Applications for development which creates new retail floorspace over 1,000sq m gross (including conversions) outside the Primary Shopping Area must be accompanied by a Retail Impact Assessment. This also applies to proposals to remove goods restrictions on units over that size outside the Primary Shopping Area. Applications will be refused if the development/alteration would prejudice the vitality and/or viability of the town centre as a whole. Subject to the above, such applications will only be permitted if they are situated in a location which is, or can be made accessible by a range of means of transport other than the private car and which will not add excessively to the need to travel by private car. Applicants may be expected to enter into a Legal Agreement with the Planning Authority to provide access and linkages where appropriate.

Impact Assessments – Retail in Dalton

Applications for development which creates new retail floorspace over 500 sq. m gross (including conversions) and/or proposals to remove goods restrictions on units over that size outside the Town Centre must be accompanied by a Retail Impact Assessment carried out to the standards set within national policy guidance. Applications will be refused if the development/alteration would prejudice the vitality and/or viability of the Town Centre or the wider retail catchment, including other centres higher up in the retail catchment, including other centres higher up in the retail hierarchy. Subject to the above, such applications will only be permitted if they are situated in a location which is, or can be made accessible by a range of means of transport other than the private car and which will not add excessively to the need to travel by private car. Applicants may be expected to enter into a Legal Agreement with the Planning Authority to provide access and linkages where appropriate.

Parking

The Council has made reference to the parking standards set out by the Highway Authority in the Cumbria Development Design Guide. This policy is flexible enough to accommodate alternative parking standards for individual planning applications providing they are acceptable to the Highway Authority and are linked to the accessibility of different areas of the Borough and which take account of accessibility and car ownership levels.

Transport Links

The Council is keen to support the improvements to the transport network both within the Borough and to and from the wider area. This can only have positive ramifications for residents, businesses, tourists and commuters. The policy also actively supports the priorities of Cumbria LEP and the Council's Strategic priorities.

Sustainable Travel Choices

Development will be accessible by a range of sustainable transport options, including walking, cycling and public transport. Early engagement with the Borough Council and the Local Highways Authority is encouraged. Development likely to generate significant levels of transport within isolated and poorly accessible areas will be resisted unless a clear environmental, social or economic need can be demonstrated. Proposals should provide direct and safe access to the existing footpath and cycle network including pedestrian links between developments and bus stops to maximise use of public transport to access green space, shopping, schools, health and other amenities. Where this would require the provision of links beyond the development site, such as provision of new footpaths and cycleways or a new or enhanced bus service an appropriate planning obligation will be negotiated between the local planning authority and the applicant. Pedestrian and cycle routes within new developments must be suitably lit so as to create a safe, attractive and useable environment for all. Development proposals located on, or adjacent to, a proposed network of cycle routes should incorporate the appropriate section of route, and / or links to it. Where development affects the line of an existing route, the route will be required to be reinstated, or an acceptable alternative provided. The continuing integrity of the route should be maintained through the construction process. Routes, both interim and replacement, should be constructed to a standard and design acceptable to the Council and consistent with the Green Infrastructure Strategy requirements. Secure cycle parking provision, in accordance with the Council's adopted guidelines, will be required in all new car parks, particularly those associated with housing, employment, retail, leisure and educational developments. In addition the Authority will encourage the provision of shower facilities at employment-generating developments. The Council will encourage the integration of vehicle charging infrastructure within new development, particularly commercial development.

Travel Plans

Development which generates a significant amount of movement will require the submission of a Travel Plan. As set out in national guidance the Travel Plan will demonstrate how: a) The needs of cyclists and pedestrians will be met and prioritised on site; b) The development will help to reduce the need to travel, particularly by private car; c) Relevant information about existing travel habits in the surrounding area has been assessed; d) Provision has been made for improved public transport services; e) The site will safely and conveniently connect to public rights of way and the wider green infrastructure network; f) The impact of the proposed development and the forecast level of trips by all modes of transport likely to be associated with the development, particularly of heavy goods vehicles accessing the site, has been minimised; and g) The movement of freight and goods by rail will be maximised where possible. Where the trip reductions proposed to be achieved through a Travel Plan are to be considered as the mitigation measure in order to make the development impact acceptable, a developer contribution equal to the cost of providing the highway infrastructure improvements in the form of a bond will be required. In the event that the Travel Plan objectives are not being met, the bond monies will be used to provide the necessary infrastructure. In exceptional circumstances, should a developer be unwilling to commit to including an Action Plan within the Travel Plan, or the development proposals are at such a preliminary stage that it is unrealistic to draw up a list of measures, then it will be necessary to secure the outcome of the Travel Plan through a developer contribution.

Parking

Proposals for new developments will be required to provide evidence to demonstrate that adequate parking provision has been provided in consultation with the Local Highways Authority and in accordance with the parking standards in the Cumbria Development Design Guide or any update to it. In areas suffering from significant on-street parking problems, greater provision will be sought where possible, or alternative arrangements will be required. When applying parking standards each site should be assessed on its own merits and, if a developer can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the authority that their proposed parking provision is sufficient, the Cumbria Development Design Guide can be relaxed in favour of the demonstrated proposal. The design of on and off site parking provision will be safely accessible and appropriate to the streetscene and character of the local area. Consideration should be given to Policy C3a (Water Management) and Policy DS6 (Landscaping).

Transport Links

Proposals to improve external transport links will be supported, provided that the environmental and social impacts associated with the proposals are evidenced and properly taken into consideration and with any necessary mitigation measures put into place. In particular, the following improvements will be supported: a) Proposals within the Borough to improve road safety and journey time reliability from the Borough to West Cumbria and to the M6. b) Proposals within the Borough to increase the number and frequency of rail services between Furness and West Cumbria; and between Furness and the West Coast Main line. Proposals which have the potential to compromise improvements to transport links will be resisted.