Planning in Milton Keynes

NEW COMMUNITY FACILITIES

A. Milton Keynes Council will support development proposals where they: 1. Retain and maintain existing facilities which are valued by the community; 2. Improve the quality and capacity of facilities valued by the community; and 3. The site has adequate parking and access arrangements. B. Proposed developments should also contribute to the provision of new or improved community, sport, leisure and cultural facilities in a way that is not only proportionate to the scale of the proposed development, but also enables usage by residents from across Milton Keynes. C. The Council will identify standards for the delivery of new facilities in its emerging Planning Obligations SPD and through the Local Investment Plan. We will also work with other service providers on the wider use of buildings and co-location of services. D. The amenity of the surrounding area will be protected by the use of appropriate planning conditions to regulate hours of operation, numbers of people attending and the range of activities provided. E. Proposals should also refer to Policy EH1 Provision of New Schools - Planning considerations, and Policy EH6 Delivery of Health Facilities in new development.

CHILDCARE FACILITIES

Planning permission will be granted for crèche, nursery and similar childcare facilities if they are consistent with the detailed policy guidance in Appendix E.

BURIAL AND MEMORIAL GROUNDS

A. Planning permission for the use of land as a burial / memorial ground or "green" burial / memorial ground will be granted providing that: 1. The site is accessible by public transport and has adequate parking. 2. Surface water drainage is adequate and there is no threat to groundwater quality. 3. The proposal would not have an adverse impact on the surrounding landscape. 4. The proposal includes a land management and maintenance programme.

PUBLIC ART

A. The provision of public art and cultural activity can not only enhance the environment but also create a wide variety of other important benefits such as: 1. Improving the quality of life for local people. 2. Creating a local distinctiveness and a sense of place. 3. Enriching the cultural life of Milton Keynes and raise its profile. 4. Providing a focus and stimulus for tourism. B. A minimum of 0.5% of the gross development cost of proposals for 11 or more dwellings or non-residential development of 1,000sqm or more should, subject to viability, be allocated towards cultural wellbeing. This includes public art that enhances the cultural offer and appearance of the development, its surroundings and Milton Keynes as a whole, and engaging local residents throughout.

LOCATION OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES

A. Planning permission will be granted for: 1. Non-residential community facilities within, or adjacent to Central Milton Keynes, town, district and local centres. 2. Non-residential community facilities at other locations if all of the following criteria are met: i. The proposal is accompanied by evidence that demonstrates why it cannot be satisfactorily accommodated at other locations; ii. There would be no conflict with existing or potential neighbouring uses; iii. The site has adequate parking and access arrangements; and iv. The number of places of worship permitted in an area does not undermine its main planning use. 3. Residential community facilities within housing areas preferably in locations well related to local centres. Proposals will need to show that buildings are designed to be adaptable for multi-use. 4. Facilities related to sports and outdoor leisure within or adjacent to parks and open spaces with suitable links to public transport and sufficient parking facilities. Proposals will need to show that buildings are designed to be adaptable for multi-use.

PROTECTION OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES

A. Proposals that involve the loss of an existing community facility or the loss of a site allocated for such a purpose, will only be supported where: 1. There is no longer a need for the facility for any type of community use, and this has been robustly evidenced by research and consultation; or 2. An acceptable alternative facility can be provided elsewhere. B. Where surplus education land is identified, planning permission will be granted for other uses provided it can be demonstrated that: 1. The income from the sale of the land will be reinvested to secure improvements to Milton Keynes schools or further education as appropriate; and 2. The proposed development will include the provision of facilities for the local community where there is a proven need for such provision locally and it fairly and reasonably relates to the development proposed. If required, a Community Use Agreement should be implemented.

NEW COMMUNITY FACILITIES

A. Milton Keynes Council will support development proposals where they: 1. Retain and maintain existing facilities which are valued by the community; 2. Improve the quality and capacity of facilities valued by the community; and 3. The site has adequate parking and access arrangements. B. Proposed developments should also contribute to the provision of new or improved community, sport, leisure and cultural facilities in a way that is not only proportionate to the scale of the proposed development, but also enables usage by residents from acros

PROVISION OF NEW SCHOOLS – PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

A. Proposals to upgrade or expand existing schools and promote the development of new schools in locations where additional provision is required will be permitted subject to achieving the criteria below. B. Proposals for new schools should: 1. Deliver safe access by public transport, cycle and walking as well as by car. 2. Provide a safe drop-off and pick-up provision, which reflects a school's need and travel requirements. 3. Provide outdoor facilities for sport and recreation, which meet the pupils needs of the school. 4. Avoid conflict with adjoining uses. 5. To facilitate the adaptability of a school's design to allow for expansion or contraction and separation off, for differing uses. C. The criteria above should be read in accordance with the Council's most recent policy in terms of school provision, currently the School Place Planning Forward View 2017 - 2018. This document is regularly updated to reflect the Borough's current educational needs and requirements. Therefore the above criteria will need to be reviewed to ensure it is in accordance with current policy.

PROVISION OF NEW SCHOOLS – SITE SIZE AND LOCATION

A. For the provision of new schools, Milton Keynes Council generally does not support the opening of anything smaller than a 2 Form of Entry (FE) primary school (420 places) or a 5FE secondary school (750 places), due to sustainability issues. Although the Council recognises there are exceptions when this might be unavoidable. For a 2FE primary school, the minimum site size is 2.1 hectares, whilst a 5FE secondary school requires a minimum site size of 7.34 hectares, with the site delivered level and serviced in both instances. However, in already developed areas, compact designs approved by the Department for Education may be considered. Further guidelines and formulae in terms of area for schools can be found in the Department for Education Building Bulletins 98 and 99. B. All new school provision should be delivered to serve the educational needs of a designated catchment area and provide opportunity for future on site expansion, if required, to safeguard the educational needs of a specific catchment area. For example, a 2FE school should provide the adequate provision for a 3FE school to be delivered, if required. This assumes standard sizes of schools and the Council recognises that this may differ if alternative sizes are proposed, which are agreed by the Department of Education.

RESERVE SITES TO ENABLE FUTURE SCHOOL EXPANSION

The Council will reserve designated sites for a period of 10 years to enable the expansion of schooling to meet the Borough's needs and requirements, to enable further provision where on-site expansion of existing schools is either considered impractical or inviable to meet the education needs of a catchment area. The reserve period will only be reviewed if mitigating circumstance are clearly justified and agreed by the Council.

FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION PROVISION

Planning permission will be granted for a new university campus and, if required, the co-location of MK College. This will include student accommodation and ancillary facilities, on site B4 in Central Milton Keynes, as shown on the Policies Map.

HEALTH FACILITIES

A. Proposals for new facilities will be permitted where they will meet an identified local need and in discussion with the Community Clinical Commission Group. The Council will work positively with local communities to retain, improve or re-use essential facilities and services, including those set out in Neighbourhood Plans or Development Orders such as Community Right to Build Orders, along with appropriate supporting development which may make such provision economically viable. B. All new residential development proposals will only be permitted where they provide or improve essential facilities and services required to serve the scale of development proposed. C. Development proposals which would have a detrimental effect on or result in the loss of essential health facilities and services that meet community needs and support well-being will only be permitted where it can be clearly demonstrated that: 1. The service or facility is no longer needed; or 2. It is demonstrated that it is no longer practical, desirable or viable to retain them; or 3. The proposals will provide sufficient community benefit to outweigh the loss of the existing facility or service.

DELIVERY OF HEALTH FACILITIES IN NEW DEVELOPMENT

All Use Class C2 developments and Use Class C3 residential development in excess of 50 dwellings will be required to prepare a Health Impact Assessment, which will measure the wider impact on healthy living and the demands that are placed upon the capacity of health services and facilities arising from the development. Further guidance on how this policy will be implemented will be provided in a Supplementary Planning Document, which will be published in due course. The Health Impact Assessment should not be required in advance of the Supplementary Planning Document being adopted.

PROMOTING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES

A. Milton Keynes Council is committed to reducing health inequalities, increasing life expectancy and improving quality of life of the Borough. Proposals should be designed to achieve the aspirations below: 1. Helping to tackle obesity and reduce the levels of physical inactivity through the provision of adequate playing pitches, parks and open spaces, new and existing sports and active recreation facilities and outdoor gyms that are accessible to all. 2. Reducing loneliness by providing buildings and spaces where people can interact, encouraging food supply and healthy eating by providing access to allotments and to a variety of food sources, ensure timely access to services and information by providing high speed broadband and access to main service locations. 3. Creating and enhancing cycling and walking networks and their environments, such as maintaining and extending the redway network into new developments, as well as supporting the connectivity between local centres and attractions. 4. Securing good design that promotes walking and cycling. 5. Seeking to improve air quality and reduce noise by locating and designing pollution generating land uses and roads to avoid adverse impacts on sensitive land uses, and securing necessary mitigation measures to make development acceptable. 6. Providing good quality and well-designed housing. 7. Securing the provision of fully staffed health care facilities and new community facilities, especially within local centres, which are necessary to support new and existing communities. 8. Creating safe residential environments and addressing the fear and perception of crime. 9. Improving road safety. B. The above aspirations should be read together with Sport England Active Design guidance, which provides advice for making places for the wellbeing of people and communities.

HOT FOOD TAKEAWAYS

A. Hot food takeaways (Class A5) which are proposed within close proximity to a primary or secondary school will only be permitted if the takeaway is located more than 400m from the main school entrance. 1. The 400m distance will be assessed on the most logical walking distance from the main school entrance. B. The Council may impose conditions restricting opening hours of hot food takeaways.

Facilities Acceptable in the Parks

A. Planning permission will be granted for leisure and recreation uses, or proposals that are ancillary to and directly support such uses, within the parks unless the proposal would: 1. Lead to an unacceptable visual impact. 2. Detract from the primary use of the open space. 3. Have an adverse impact upon the highway network. 4. Have an unacceptable impact on wildlife and its habitat. 5. Result in excessive noise. 6. Have an adverse impact on the flood plain. 7. Undermine opportunities to link wildlife areas and provide for biodiversity corridors. 8. Have an adverse impact on any historic significance of the Park. 9. Prevent the public from using the open space by implementing unreasonable entrance fees or charges, or any charges for areas which have the effect of reducing the local freely accessible open space below policy limits. B. Development proposals will make a positive contribution to environmental management and visitor experience in the parks, including areas that will be of charge. C. Development proposals should also show how visitors can reach the site easily and conveniently using non-car modes of transport. Development proposals should have appropriate parking and access arrangements in accordance with the standards set out in this plan and other Council guidance, but parking arrangements will be located in an area outside of the park.

EXISTING FACILITIES

A. Planning permission will be refused for proposals involving the loss of public open space, civic space, or facilities used for leisure and recreation unless: 1. An assessment has been undertaken which has clearly shown the open space or leisure and recreational facilities to be surplus to requirements and the development would not have a detrimental effect on the open space, environmental, landscape character or wildlife value of the Open Space Network. Developments must not be detrimental to the delivery of the Sport and Active Communities Strategy; or 2. The development will significantly enhance the Open Space Network as a whole, particularly in areas requiring improvement, and help to achieve the Council's aims for the Open Space Network, as set out in the Open Space Strategy. In some cases, enhancements could be provided at nearby locations off site, for instance replacing an amenity on one site with one nearby on the same linear park (enhancements should still be in the same catchment areas); or 3. The loss of open space resulting from the development would be replaced by equivalent or better provision in terms of quantity and quality in a suitable location that is clearly and demonstrably acceptable to the local community or main users of the existing space; or 4. The development is for other types of sports or recreational provision or ancillary development associated with the Open Space, and the needs for which clearly outweigh the loss. B. In considering proposals involving the loss of amenity open space, the council will take into account the criteria set out in Policy L3.

CHANGE OF USE OF AMENITY OPEN SPACE

A. Planning permission will only be granted for the change of use of amenity open space, including the incorporation of such areas into private garden land, if: 1. The land has been subject to an assessment which shows the open space to be surplus to requirements; 2. The land does not fulfil a useful purpose in terms of its appearance, landscaping, recreational use or wildlife value; 3. The land does not host an element of semi-natural habitat useful in creating a stepping stone to another habitat or any other feature of value to wildlife to a greater extent than would be the case if it was planted as a garden. In some cases, the continued protection of the land as open, natural garden land and type of enclosure may be regulated by conditions; 4. The loss of amenity open space would not set a precedent for other similar proposals which cumulatively would have an adverse effect on the locality or the environment; 5. The continued maintenance of the land for public amenity purposes would be impractical or unduly onerous; or 6. Open space lost should be replaced by land of equivalent size or greater following an assessment justifying this need. B. Change of use of amenity open space will be considered given the availability and accessibility of open space in the surrounding area, based on distances in Appendix C. C. In certain cases, the loss of amenity open space may be acceptable if it is adequately compensated by proposals for improvements to the quality of green infrastructure and appearance of amenity space elsewhere in the locality or the wider open space network.

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE PROVISION IN NEW ESTATES

A. New housing development will be required to provide new or contribute to improved open space and recreational facilities in accordance with the Council's adopted standards in Appendix C, the Council's Leisure, Recreation and Sports Facilities SPG and policies in this Plan which support the delivery of a linked network of multi-functional, resilient and sustainable green infrastructure. B. Policies of this Plan support the delivery of a linked network of multi-functional, resilient and sustainable green infrastructure. Where appropriate the Council will encourage developing play areas, sport and leisure facilities within the existing or proposed parks. C. The provision, future management and maintenance of open space, parks and any artificial grass pitches or surfaces should be an integral part of new development, which should be considered at the beginning of the design process. Proposals will include a management and maintenance strategy for new or extended open space and green infrastructure, outlining details of the owner, the responsible maintenance body, and how long term financially suitable maintenance plan that can be implemented by contractors or organisations. D. Proposals that include new areas of open space, green infrastructure and parks should include a management and maintenance strategy outlining details of future ownership and the responsible maintenance body (e.g. Parks Trust), and a long term financially sustainable maintenance plan that can be implemented. E. Any open space provision that will be distinctive in terms of its scale or facilities, and therefore likely to attract visitors from outside its intended catchment area, must provide appropriate additional facilities to meet the needs of those visitors and avoid adverse impact on the amenity of nearby residents. F. As a minimum all residents must have accessibility to natural greenspace to align with Policy NE4. The standards were developed by Natural England and the Forestry Commission to emphasise the importance of communities having easy access to different sizes of natural and semi-natural green space close to where they live.

CRITERIA FOR THE LOCATION OF WATER SPORTS

A. Planning permission will be permitted for unpowered water sports on lakes and other water areas and for ancillary facilities, where there is a proven need unless they: 1. Have an unacceptable environmental impact 2. Are incompatible with any existing use of the water (including non-recreational use) B. Planning permission will normally be refused for powered water sports.

CRITERIA FOR THE LOCATION OF NOISY SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

A. Planning permission will only be permitted for noisy sports if: 1. The ambient noise level of the area is already high, and the noise generated by the new activity will not be dominant; or 2. Noise levels can be effectively reduced by siting and screening; or 3. There is a need to facilitate sports to ensure that people have the opportunity to play as part of regularly maintaining a healthy lifestyle, providing; 4. It would not significantly increase the noise experienced at nearby noise sensitive development, or public rights of way and other areas of informal countryside recreation; and 5. There is no unacceptable disturbance to farm livestock and wildlife. 6. The Bowl currently incorporates a secure closed road circuit, which serves as an important facility for Cycle Racing and Training. Development proposals will need to retain the existing Road Circuit for the use of Cyclists, or, make provision for an alternative, replacement facility, either on or off site. B. Mitigating features to minimise noise (such as sound absorbing areas, which could include seating terraces or banking) should be informed by a noise assessment which should be commissioned at the design stage of any proposal involving noisy sports and recreational facilities.

MILTON KEYNES BOWL

A. Planning permission will be granted to intensify the use of the Milton Keynes Bowl for commercial leisure and recreational purposes provided that proposals: 1. Would not result in an unacceptable additional impact upon the highway network. 2. Would have no significant adverse effect on the amenity of residential areas. 3. Where need can be demonstrated, training and other facilities should be safeguarded for community groups and sports clubs including use of cyclists, or make provision for an alternative, replacement facility, either on or off the site. 4. Are consistent with policies applying to Linear Parks and Biodiversity and Geological Enhancement. 5. Enhance the ecological and public access connectivity through the MK Bowl site. 6. Retain the existing cycle, equestrian and pedestrian routes across the site or make provision for suitable alternative routes.

DESIGNING A HIGH QUALITY PLACE

A. Development proposals will be permitted if they meet the following objectives/principles: 1. The development proposals as a whole respond appropriately to the site and surrounding context. 2. Continuity of street frontage and locating fronts of buildings to face the street or public space. 3. Appropriate framing of space to define public and private areas, with front gardens designed to be clearly private through appropriate boundary treatments and use of hard surfaces that also maintaining an active frontage and passive surveillance of the street. 4. The layout should maximise the surveillance of the public realm, prevention of crime and minimise the perception of crime. 5. Soft and hard landscaping that continues the verdant and green character of Milton Keynes, enhances the quality of the public realm, is robust to the demands placed upon the public realm, and is appropriate to their context and can be maintained and managed without significant whole life-costs. In particular, street trees and planting are incorporated to soften the streetscape and ensure the public realm is not dominated by hard surfaces and boundaries and by parked cars. 6. Landscape and boundary treatments integrate with and/or enhance those of the surrounding area. 7. Ease of movement by creating places that are permeable and well connected with a safe, attractive and convenient hierarchical network of routes that balances the provision for walking, cycling and public transport with that for private motor vehicles. 8. Legibility by providing recognisable streets, districts, nodes, edges and landmarks to help people to find their way around. 9. Where applicable, a variety of layouts, street types, building sizes and forms, landscapes, uses and housing tenures across the development.

CREATING A POSITIVE CHARACTER

A. Development proposals will be permitted if they meet the following objectives/principles: 1. The layout, massing/scale, boundary treatments and landscaping of a development and appearance of buildings exhibit a positive character or sense of place for a development. 2. The character of the development is locally inspired where appropriate (for example in or adjacent to conservation areas, or in existing areas with a strong positive character). 3. Where there is no positive built form character on the site or surrounding area, new development is designed to create its own distinctive character or sense of place using existing site features, the layout of the development and the appearance of buildings. 4. The design allows for visual interest through the careful use of detailing, where this is appropriate to the character of the area.

DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

A. Development proposals that meet the following objectives and principles will be permitted: 1. The appearance of the building contributes to the enhancement or creation of a positive character for the development or of a particular character area for larger developments. 2. Forward thinking and distinctive architecture is incorporated, unless the existing context suggests an alternative approach would be more appropriate. 3. Where development occurs on both sides of a street, a common character in terms of building appearance is designed / created for both sides of the street, with careful transition between character areas along streets. 4. Buildings are of appropriate scale in relation to other buildings in the immediate vicinity in terms of their height and massing. Buildings of a greater scale than the surrounding context may be acceptable where it is demonstrated that this is necessary to reflect the development's location and the siting, function and importance of the building. 5. The building's form, massing, rhythm and façade elements are carefully designed to create character and visual interest. 6. Particular attention should be given to the design of buildings along key streets in order to create a strong identifiable character whilst ensuring careful transition in façade treatment between character areas. 7. Buildings are designed to an exemplary standard and employ high quality and durable materials, and materials which reflect the principles set out Policy SC1. 8. The proposed scale and design of extensions to existing buildings relate well to the existing building and plot, and do not detract from the character of the existing building and the surrounding area. 9. In addition to the above criteria, proposals for tall buildings will be required to demonstrate how they meet the requirements and positively address the principles set out below. Where necessary, the Council will require a Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment to be carried out to assess impacts and inform the design: i. Clustering with other existing taller buildings, or creating the potential for clusters, within the immediate and wider area. ii. Be a positive addition to the existing skyline, townscape, and landscape in terms of visual amenity, quality of architectural design, coherence with the wider context, and the relationship with existing and proposed buildings of significance in the immediate area. iii. Protect important views and vistas from within the immediate area and from the wider surrounding area. iv. Minimise shadowing of other buildings and open public space. v. Avoid creating uncomfortable or unwelcoming micro-climates and wind tunnelling around the building. vi. Relationship and interaction with the street to create activity and avoid dead space.

INNOVATIVE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Proposals for 50 or more dwellings will be encouraged to provide 10% of new dwellings that incorporate innovative design features and modern methods of construction, such as modular / off-site construction techniques. Residential proposals which raise the design standard in Milton Keynes through innovation will be supported.

AMENITY AND STREET SCENE

A. All proposals will be required to create and protect a good standard of amenity for buildings and surrounding areas, and in particular should ensure: 1. The levels of sunlight and daylight within buildings and open spaces, and garden areas in particular, are satisfactory. 2. Dwellings are dual aspect to enable passive ventilation, subject to any noise and air pollution mitigation measures that are required to make the proposal acceptable. 3. External private or shared communal garden space, in its extent and design, meets the reasonable needs of its user(s). 4. A reasonable degree of privacy to new and existing private living space and the main private garden area, with overlooking limited to an acceptable degree. The design of new communal garden areas should seek to create spaces that provide opportunities for privacy or seclusion for residents, particularly where residents do not have access to private balconies or other private external space. 5. New development is not overbearing upon existing buildings and open spaces. 6. The outlook and visual amenity afforded from within buildings and private/communal garden areas should be satisfactory, taking account of the relationship with neighbouring buildings and the wider street scene, including the design of parking, street furniture, boundary treatments and landscaping. 7. Shared circulation space and routes to private entrances within flatted development should be of sufficient width, be welcoming, and wherever possible be naturally lit. B. The siting, layout and design of vehicle and cycle parking, including detached garage blocks, within development proposals will be required to ensure an attractive and coherent street scene is maintained, not prejudice the wider functionality of public and private space, and create an effective functional link and relationship with the buildings and areas they will serve. C. Appropriate provision of service areas and refuse storage and collection areas should be made according to the nature of the development. Such areas and access to them should be appropriately sited and designed to ensure they can: 1. Perform their role effectively without prejudicing or being prejudiced by other functions and users; 2. Maintain an attractive and coherent street scene and protect visual amenity; and 3. Avoid creating risk to human health or an environmental nuisance.

CANALSIDE DEVELOPMENT

A. Development alongside canals should help meet the following objectives: 1. Improved public access to an enjoyment of the waterway, including those with impaired mobility. 2. The protection and enhancement of wildlife habitats. 3. The retention and enhancement of significant waterside buildings and their settings. 4. Within employment areas, the provision of wharf facilities for freight transfer. 5. New buildings should present active frontages to the canal and be in keeping with local character in terms of scale, design and materials. 6. Development proposals in the vicinity of the Canal should also take into account the potential for localised flooding from the Canal. 7. Development proposals along the proposed route of the Bedford to Milton Keynes Waterway Park should: i. Safeguard the route for future delivery; and ii. Maximise the opportunity to deliver aspects of the Waterway Park which are of mutual benefit to the Waterway project and development proposals.

MAINS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES

Electricity and telecommunications and broadband services to new development within the boundary of Milton Keynes City should be provided underground. Overhead services will only be acceptable if there are proven technical reasons why underground services cannot be provided. Where above ground services are required, landscaping and careful detailing should optimise screening and mitigate visual impacts.

TEMPORARY BUILDINGS

Planning permission will only be granted for temporary buildings to meet demonstrable essential short-term needs in the borough. Consent will be for a limited period which would alleviate the essential short term need for the proposed building. Temporary permissions will not be continuously renewed or extended unless there are justifiable exceptional circumstances.

PLACE-MAKING PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPMENT

A. Proposals for new strategic urban extensions, strategic scale development and, where relevant, other development within or adjoining the Milton Keynes urban area should demonstrate that the following place-making principles have been considered: 1. Development promotes good physical and mental health, with places and routes that are safe and perceived to be safe by creating passive surveillance and active frontages. 2. Development integrates well with the surrounding built and natural environments to enable a high degree of connectivity with them, particularly for pedestrians and cyclists and for access to connected green infrastructure for people and wildlife. 3. The structure and layout of development within or adjoining the urban area of Milton Keynes is based on the principles that have shaped the original city, especially the grid road system, redways, linear parks and strategic, integrated flood management with employment incorporated as part of the development or located nearby. 4. Development relates well to the surrounding area in terms of density, scale and materials, with positive site features, views and vistas incorporated into and used to structure the new development. 5. The layout, form and detailed design of development adopts passive design measures to reduce energy demand for heating, lighting and cooling, create comfortable and healthy environments for people, and be responsive to predicted changes in climate. Existing natural assets including green infrastructure features connections and functions should be identified prior to development; and enhanced, extended, protected and connected appropriately – i.e. designed and planned for so it provides multiple benefits to the environment and wildlife, also to the health and wellbeing of residents and to supporting the local economy. 6. Development takes a strategic, integrated and sustainable approach to water resource management (including SUDS and flood risk mitigation). 7. Development enhances the character of the area within which it is located. Where existing discernible or positive characteristics are lacking, new development creates positive character and identity through high quality and forward looking architecture and urban design to avoid nondescript and 'anywhere' development. 8. New social and commercial facilities and services are provided, and existing facilities improved where possible, to meet the day to day needs of new and existing residents, including schools, shop, health care, and opportunities for employment. 9. Shops, facilities and public transport stops are located in the most accessible locations, with the layout of development and network of routes designed to provide direct, safe and pleasant routes for pedestrians and cyclists. 10. Housing is generally arranged according to perimeter block principles so that the fronts of houses overlook streets and other public spaces, and private spaces are located securely within the block. 11. Where appropriate, different character areas are created through the use of varied densities, high quality landscaping, block and building layouts, architecture and the framing and treatment of open spaces and the public realm as informed by the surrounding context. 12. Development incorporates visual cues to aid wayfaring, particularly from the grid road network into areas of development, through the use of memorable landmarks, architecture, public realm design, and views and vistas. 13. The layout and design of development enables easy, safe and pleasant access for pedestrians and cyclists of all abilities from residential neighbourhoods to the facilities including the redway network, open spaces and play areas, linear parks and the wider network of green infrastructure, public transport nodes, employment areas, schools, shops and other public facilities in order to promote recreation, walking and cycling within the development area and wider area. Developments must identify existing green infrastructure assets and the benefits they provide and could provide for future needs, and build in the need to protect, enhance, improve and connect green infrastructure for multiple benefits to biodiversity and wildlife, access, health and well-being as a necessary component of sustainable place-making. 14. Routes through the development cater for the needs of all age groups, in particular the elderly, through the provision of benches, shading and simple and clear signage. Opportunities for community cohesion should be maximised through the creation of permeable environments in new developments that will encourage people to get outdoors for recreation, social interaction, and to move around by non-vehicular means. 15. Impacts on the road network have been thoroughly identified through appropriate technical assessments and appropriate mitigation measures and improvements to the road network and public transport have been identified and incorporated into the development or the wider area as required. 16. Transport solutions maximise the opportunities provided by smart, shared and sustainable mobility solutions to deliver real alternatives to the private car (e.g. connectivity with existing and forthcoming rail services; rapid transit; driverless vehicles; shared vehicle schemes; coaches and buses). 17. The provision of strategic grid road or highway infrastructure should build in measures for rapid public transport solutions as set out in the Council's Mobility Strategy 2018-36 (or any successor document). 18. Opportunities to provide new 'Park and Ride' or Parkway sites which would offer an alternative to the car for journeys into Milton Keynes and beyond will be encouraged should be provided where appropriate. 19. Development should result in a net gain in biodiversity through use of strategic, connected green infrastructure, in line with policies NE1-6 and ensure consideration is given to the historic environment in accordance with HE1.

PROTECTION OF EXISTING EMPLOYMENT LAND AND PREMISES

A. Within the Borough, planning permission will be refused for the change of use or redevelopment of any land identified for employment use on the Policies Map and for any building used for employment purposes (whether identified on the Policies Map or not) to another purpose, unless the applicant can demonstrate there would be no conflict with existing or potential neighbouring uses and: 1. The proposal would result in a significant reduction in the detrimental environmental impact of an existing use; or 2. The proposed use is one that cannot be satisfactorily accommodated other than in an employment area; or 3. The proposed use will not significantly reduce the provision of local employment opportunities. B. Applicants must demonstrate through evidence, including marketing of the site, that there is no longer a reasonable prospect of it being used for the existing or designated employment use. Applicants must also demonstrate that the continued use of the site for employment purposes is no longer viable, taking into account the site's existing and potential long-term market demand for an employment use.

HOME BASED BUSINESS

A. Planning permission will be granted for a business to operate from a residential property if all the following criteria are met: 1. The property will continue to remain in residential use. 2. The proposed business use will be restricted to the employment of the occupiers of the dwelling and one other individual. 3. The proposed business use would not cause serious harm to the living conditions of adjoining properties by reason of the nature of the activity, and incorporates noise attenuation measures where late working or the operation of machinery is involved. 4. The proposal would not involve alterations to the property, which would substantially alter its residential character, cause serious harm to the living conditions of adjacent occupiers, or cause serious harm to the character and appearance of the surrounding area. 5. The proposal would not cause harm and be prejudicial to highway safety by reason of deliveries or of car parking by staff, suppliers or customers 6. Adequate access and parking can be provided.

PROTECTION OF SMALL BUSINESS UNITS

A. Planning permission will be refused for proposals that would involve the loss of small business units through the: 1. Change of use from class B of the Use Classes Order. 2. Expansion or redevelopment of small units into larger units exceeding 300 m2 gross external floorspace.

EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

A. Over the plan period the Council will seek to grow and develop the Milton Keynes local economy and capitalise on: 1. The Borough's location half way between London and Birmingham as part of the single, knowledge-intensive cluster being developed in the Cambridge - Milton Keynes - Oxford corridor. 2. Good and improving communications including superfast Broadband provision. B. The strategy for supporting the economic needs of the Borough will be delivered by: 1. The continued development and promotion of Central Milton Keynes, as a hub for business-related knowledge based activity. 2. Retaining and developing existing employment sites. 3. The allocation of new employment land at South Caldecotte and Milton Keynes East to provide a flexible supply of sites to cater for future employment needs. 4. Some more flexibility will be permitted in the development of sites outside CMK for small scientific and technical office-led developments. 5. The supply of superfast broadband to all employment and residential premises will be promoted to increase the attractiveness of the Borough as a business location and to increase opportunities for home and flexible working. C. In addition the Council will: 1. Encourage training and skills development at all levels to enable local residents to access the job opportunities generated by employers. 2. Attract new businesses, encourage business start-ups and assist businesses to grow. 3. Support the land-use needs of further and higher education. 4. Promote the provision of extended and enhanced further and higher education to provide lifelong learning and skills at all levels and support the allocation of land for a new central campus. 5. Develop Central Milton Keynes (CMK) to become the primary focus for knowledge–based businesses within the Borough. To intensify and densify development in the city centre, the Council will seek to increase the amount of high quality office floorspace and the number of businesses. 6. Encourage the redevelopment of existing office developments which are no longer 'fit for purpose' and their replacement by office developments which provide a greater amount of floorspace than the buildings they replace. 7. Develop the area between the West Coast main railway line and V7 Saxon Street, H5 Portway and H6 Childs Way as a Central Business District (CBD) with major mixed use office led development with active ground floor uses focused around Milton Keynes Central Railway station. 8. Facilitate the development of CMK as a business centre and encourage alternative means of transport other than the car, to promote walking, cycling and public transport systems, which will be developed and prioritised to ensure safe and convenient travel to and from the city centre. 9. Support good public transport to enable access to other main employment areas. 10. Encourage the growth and expansion of existing employment uses where it does not conflict with other policies in the plan. D. The amount of employment land available to be developed within the Borough is detailed in Table 6.1.

EMPLOYMENT SITES WITHIN THE BOROUGH OF MILTON KEYNES

A. Planning permission will be granted for employment uses listed in Table 6.1 and shown on the Policies Map. In considering proposals for these areas, the Council will take into account: 1. The guidance on uses in Table 6.1 Employment Land in the Borough of Milton Keynes. 2. The need for a variety of sites to meet the differing requirements of a wide range of employment uses. B. Central Milton Keynes (CMK) is the primary focus for the development of additional office B1(a) and research and development B1(b) floorspace within the Borough. Planning applications for more than 1,000 sq.m of B1(a) floorspace and 2000 sq.m for B1(b) floorspace on sites outside CMK will need to provide evidence that demonstrates why the development cannot occur within CMK. Developments should not be deliberately sub-divided or phased in an attempt to avoid the 1,000 sq.m threshold for B1(a) development or 2000 sq.m threshold for B1(b) development. C. Proposals for more than 1000 sq.m of B1(a) floorspace and proposals for more than 2000 sq.m of B1(b) floorspace, which can clearly demonstrate, with evidence, why they cannot be accommodated within CMK, will be permitted on employment sites, shown on the Policies Map, with good transport links.

PROTECTION OF SMALL BUSINESS UNITS

A. Planning permission will be refused for proposals that would involve the loss of small business units through the: 1. Change of use from class B of the Use Classes Order. 2. Expansion or redevelopment of small units into larger units exceeding 300 m2 gross external floorspace.

SITES FOR BAD NEIGHBOUR USES

A. The Council will work with landowners and occupiers to secure the relocation of bad neighbour uses to more appropriate areas. The following locations are suitable for these industries: 1. Bleak Hall 2. Old Wolverton 3. Stonebridge

PLACES OF WORSHIP ON EMPLOYMENT SITES

A. Planning permission will only be granted for places of worship and associated community facilities on employment sites if all the following criteria are met: 1. The proposal is accompanied by evidence that demonstrates why it cannot be satisfactorily accommodated other than within an employment area. 2. The building has been marketed and been vacant for at least six months and is unlikely to be used for employment purposes. 3. There would be no conflict with existing or potential neighbouring uses. 4. The site is accessible by means of transport other than by car and the site has adequate parking and access arrangements. 5. The number of places of worship permitted on an employment area does not undermine its main use as an employment location. B. The Council will resist the loss of places of worship and associated community facilities unless it can be demonstrated that there is no longer a need for them.

EMPLOYMENT USES AND THE RURAL ECONOMY

A. Proposals which sustain and enhance the rural economy by creating or safeguarding jobs and businesses will be supported where they are of an appropriate scale for their location and respect the environmental quality and character of the open countryside. B. The following types of development are considered to be acceptable: 1. The re-use of farm buildings. 2. Schemes for farm diversification involving small-scale business and commercial development. 3. Small–scale tourism proposals including visitor accommodation. 4. Proposals that recognise the economic benefits of the natural and historic environment as an asset to be valued, conserved and enhanced. 5. The expansion of small-scale businesses in their existing locations depending on the nature of the activities involved, the character of the site and its accessibility. 6. The use of land for agriculture, forestry, fisheries and equestrian activity. 7. Small scale employment development to meet local needs.

STRATEGIC EMPLOYMENT ALLOCATION, LAND SOUTH OF MILTON KEYNES, SOUTH CALDECOTTE

A. Land south of Milton Keynes in South Caldecotte, as shown on the Key Diagram and Policies Map, is allocated for the development of a mix of Class B2 and B8 employment floorspace within the plan period. B. A comprehensive development framework for the site will be prepared and the development will be brought forward in line with all relevant policies in Plan:MK, particularly Policy SD1, SD9, SD10, NE1-6 and INF1 prior to planning applications being approved. C. The development must accord with the following principles: 1. A minimum of 195,000m2 of Class B2/B8 and ancillary B1 employment floorspace. 2. Access to be taken from Brickhill Street, which will be upgraded to grid road standard. 3. The development will be subject to a Transport Assessment, which will investigate the development's impact on the local highway network, including the A5/Watling Street roundabout. The development will contribute to any necessary improvements, as agreed by the relevant highway authorities and Highways England. The Transport Assessment will also set out the basis for effective public connections to and from the site to be implemented prior to completion of the development. 4. A green open space link will be created on the site, linking into Caldecotte Lake to the north and providing future opportunity to link the park to the south/east. The open space link should include access and connectivity to Caldecotte Lake with mechanisms in place for its sustainable management over the long term and balancing ponds as part of a Sustainable Urban Drainage system across the site. 5. Direct footpath connections to Bow Brickhill railway station and the existing Public Right of Way running along the site's northern boundary will be effectively integrated into the development. 6. Building heights should be informed by the Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) and should avoid unacceptable impact on the wider landscape and heritage assets. 7. The design and appearance of buildings should be sensitive to the neighbouring uses, with development fronting Brickhill Street being sensitive to views into the site from the wider landscape. Buildings should be designed to provide an attractive entrance to Milton Keynes from the south. 8. Existing vegetation to site boundaries should be maintained and enhanced to screen the development from wider views where a LVIA deems this necessary. New planting should be of native species to mitigate the loss of hedgerows necessary to facilitate development.

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

A. Development proposals will be required to demonstrate how they have implemented the principles and requirements set out below. With the exception of requirements K.2/3/5, non-residential development of 1000 sq.m or more that is demonstrated to achieve a BREEAM Outstanding rating will not be required to meet the requirements below. Materials and waste B. Reuse land and buildings wherever feasible and consistent with maintaining and enhancing local character and distinctiveness. C. Reuse and recycle materials that arise through demolition and refurbishment, including the reuse of excavated soil and hardcore within the site. D. Prioritise the use of materials and construction techniques that have smaller ecological and carbon footprints, help to sustain or create good air quality, and improve resilience to a changing climate where appropriate. E. Incorporate green roofs and/or walls into the structure of buildings where technically feasible to improve water management in the built environment, provide space for biodiversity and aid resilience and adaptation to climate change. F. Consider the lifecycle of the building and public spaces, including how they can be easily adapted and modified to meet changing social and economic needs and how materials can be recycled at the end of their lifetime. G. Space is provided and appropriately designed to foster greater levels of recycling of domestic and commercial waste. Energy and Climate H. Implement the Energy Hierarchy within the design of new buildings by prioritising fabric first, passive design and landscaping measures to minimise energy demand for heating, lighting and cooling. I. Review the opportunities to provide energy storage and demand management so as to tie in with local and national energy security priorities. J. The design of buildings and the wider built environment is resilient to the ongoing and predicted impacts of climate change. K. Development proposals for 11 or more dwellings and non-residential development with a floor space of 1000 sq.m or more will be required to submit an Energy and Climate Statement that demonstrates how the proposal will achieve the applicable requirements below: 1. Achieve a 19% carbon reduction improvement upon the requirements within Building Regulations Approved Document Part L 2013, or achieve any higher standard than this that is required under new national planning policy or Building Regulations. 2. Provide on-site renewable energy generation, or connection to a renewable or low carbon community energy scheme, that contributes to a further 20% reduction in the residual carbon emissions subsequent to 1) above. 3. Make financial contributions to the Council's carbon offset fund to enable the residual carbon emissions subsequent to the 1) and 2) above to be offset by other local initiatives. 4. Calculate Indoor Air Quality and Overheating Risk performance for proposed new dwellings. 5. Implement a recognised quality regime that ensures the 'as built' performance (energy use, carbon emissions, indoor air quality, and overheating risk) matches the calculated design performance of dwellings in 4) above. 6. Put in place a recognised monitoring regime to allow the assessment of energy use, indoor air quality, and overheating risk for 10% of the proposed dwellings for the first five years of their occupancy, and ensure that the information recovered is provided to the applicable occupiers and the planning authority. Water L. All newly constructed dwellings will be required to achieve an estimated water consumption of no more than 110 litres/person/day. M. Water reuse and recycling and rainwater harvesting should also be incorporated wherever feasible to reduce demand on mains water supply, subject to viability. Proposals will be expected to maximise the use of the above measures subject to the outcome of the viability assessment. Retrofitting N. Proposals which would result in considerable improvements to the energy efficiency, carbon emissions and/or general suitability, condition and longevity of existing buildings will be supported, with significant weight attributed to those benefits.

COMMUNITY ENERGY NETWORKS AND LARGE SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY SCHEMES

A. Low carbon and renewable energy schemes will be attributed significant weight in their favour, and will be supported where it can be demonstrated that there will not be any significant negative social, economic, or environmental impacts associated with them. B. Proposals for over 100 homes and non-residential developments of over 1,000 sq.m. will be expected to consider the integration of community energy networks in the development. This consideration should form part of development proposals and take into account the site's characteristics and the existing cooling, heat and power demands on adjacent sites. C. All new developments in proximity of an existing or proposed combined heat and power (CHP), combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) station or local energy network will be expected to connect to the network unless it can be demonstrated that: 1. a better alternative for reducing carbon emissions from the development can be achieved; or 2. heating and/or cooling loads of the scheme do not justify a CHP connection; or 3. the cost of achieving this would make the proposed development unviable.

LOW CARBON AND RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION

A. The Council will encourage proposals for low carbon and renewable energy generation developments that are led by, or meet the needs of local communities. B. Planning permission will be granted for proposals to develop low carbon and renewable energy sources (including community energy networks) unless there would be: 1. Significant harm to the amenity of residential area, due to noise, traffic, pollution or odour; 2. Significant harm to wildlife species or habitat; 3. Unacceptable landscape and visual impact on the landscape, including cumulative impacts; 4. Unacceptable harm to the significance of heritage assets; and 5. Unacceptable impact on air safety. C. In addition to the above criteria, wind turbines should avoid unacceptable shadow flicker and electro-magnetic interference and be sited an appropriate distance away from occupied properties, consistent with the size and type of the turbine. Proposals to develop solar PV farms should avoid unacceptable visual impact from the effect of glint and glare on the landscape, on neighbouring uses and aircraft safety. Proposals for large scale renewable energy in the open countryside should be informed by a satisfactory landscape and visual impact assessment. D. In the case of energy generation through wind power, permission will only be granted for proposals where: 1. The proposed site is identified in a Neighbourhood Development Plan or other Development Plan Document as a suitable site for wind energy generation; and 2. Following consultation with local residents, it can be demonstrated that the planning impacts identified can be fully addressed, and therefore the proposal has the backing of the local community; and 3. The proposal complies with national and local guidance, including the Council's Wind Turbines SPD and Landscape Sensitivity to Wind Turbine and Solar PV Development document.

OPEN COUNTRYSIDE

A. The Council defines Open Countryside as all land outside the development boundaries defined on the Policies Map. Planning permission within the open countryside will only be granted for development which is essential for agriculture, forestry, countryside recreation, highway infrastructure or other development, which is wholly appropriate to a rural area and cannot be located within a settlement, or where other policies within this plan indicate development would be appropriate. B. Limited extensions or ancillary structures to existing buildings situated in the open countryside are acceptable in principle, provided that their scale and visual impact do not have a detrimental impact on the open character of the countryside. C. Replacement dwellings might be acceptable provided that the impact on the character of the open countryside is equal to or less than the dwelling it replaces. Replacement dwellings should meet the following criteria: 1. Be compact and well-designed, in turn, retaining sufficient space around the dwelling to provide an attractive setting and to protect the character of the countryside. 2. To not create a visual intrusion on the skyline or in the open character of the surrounding countryside. 3. To be within similar scale of the existing dwelling it intends to replace. D. New dwellings which are of exceptional quality or innovative in the nature of their design might be accepted where they conform with paragraph 55 of the NPPF.

LINEAR PARKS

A. The following areas are defined as Linear Parks on the Policies Map: 1. The Ouse Valley, from the Borough boundary at Passenham to the M1 motorway. 2. The Ouzel/Lovat Valley, from Water Eaton to the River Ouse, including the valleys of the Broughton and Caldecotte Brooks within the city. 3. The Loughton Brook Valley and Tattenhoe Valley. 4. Emberton Country Park. B. Development proposals in the Linear Parks should contribute to achieving the following objectives: 1. Protecting and improving the landscape. 2. Protecting and enhancing features of nature conservation value. 3. Retaining and improving public access to land and water areas for countryside recreation. 4. Flood control. 5. Minimising any adverse impact on local residents and agriculture. 6. Protecting and interpreting areas of archaeological interest. C. The Ouse Valley between Haversham and the M1 motorway, known as "Linford Lakes", is part of the Linear Park system. Within this area, any new leisure and recreation development should be consistent with the objectives set out above, those in Policy NE3 and Policy NE4 and the site specific following requirements: 1. The wildfowl reserve - Linford Lakes Nature Reserve, based on Stantonbury Lake, and the surrounding lakes and land that fall within the Great Linford Gravel Pits Biological Notification Site (BNS), should be retained as an important ecological resource. 2. Proposals for new development should provide for increased public access within the area (including a footpath route along the Ouse Valley) providing any access areas/paths are located and managed in such a way so as to ensure acceptable impact on ecological resources, particularly within the Great Linford Gravel Pits BNS and the River Ouse BNS. 3. Vehicle access to any new development should normally be taken from Wolverton Road / Newport Road.

MANAGING FLOOD RISK

A. All new development must incorporate a surface water drainage system with acceptable flood control and demonstrate that water supply, foul sewerage and sewage treatment capacity is available or can be made available in time to serve the development. Suitable access is safeguarded for the maintenance of water supply and drainage infrastructure. B. Plan:MK will seek to steer all new development towards areas with the lowest probability of flooding. The sequential approach to development, as set out in national guidance, will therefore be applied across the Borough, taking into account all sources of flooding as contained within the Council's Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA). C. Development within areas of flood risk from any source of flooding, will only be acceptable if it is clearly demonstrated that it is appropriate at that location, and that there are no suitable available alternative sites at a lower flood risk. D. Development proposed in an area at risk of flooding will be required: 1. To be supported by a site specific Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) (subject to the triggers set out below); 2. To take into account all forms of flooding including, but not limited to: fluvial, groundwater, surface water and reservoir flooding; 3. To ensure that opportunities to reduce the causes and impacts of flooding to the site and the surrounding area are taken as far as possible, in order to improve the existing situation, taking into account climate change. At a minimum, proposals will need to demonstrate no increase in flood risk to the site or surrounding area; 4. To clearly demonstrate that the benefits of the development to the community, outweigh the risk of flooding when applying the sequential test and exception test (where required); 5. When applying the sequential test, to clearly demonstrate that the impacts of climate change are taken into account; 6. To demonstrate the application of a sequential approach to the site design and layout to ensure highest vulnerability land uses are located within areas of the site at lowest risk of flooding; 7. To build resilience into a site's design; 8. To ensure that a site's design and any flood mitigation measures implemented are designed with an allowance for climate change and the potential impact it may have over the lifetime of the proposed development; 9. To provide a safe access and egress route for future users of the development; and 10. To attenuate surface water run-off in line with Policy FR2.

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (SUDS) AND INTEGRATED FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

A. Plan:MK advocates the continuation of a strategic, integrated approach to managing flood risk which seeks the management of surface water to be planned at the largest appropriate scale for the new development and incorporated into the site at the earliest opportunity in the design process. B. New development is required to incorporate SuDS; in line with national policy and guidance and, which meet the requirements set out in national standards and the Council's relevant local guidance. It is expected that: 1. Flood risk management and SuDS will be provided at a strategic scale and in an integrated manner, wherever possible; 2. Space will be specifically set aside for SuDS and fluvial flood risk reduction features and used to inform the overall layout of development sites; 3. Above ground attenuation will be provided in preference to below ground attenuation; 4. SuDS will be designed as multi-purpose green infrastructure and open space, to maximise additional environmental, biodiversity, social and amenity value, wherever possible. The use of land to provide flood storage capacity should not conflict with required amenity and recreation provision - floodplains and floodplain habitats should be safeguarded; 5. SuDS will be designed with an allowance for climate change and the potential impact it may have over the lifetime of the proposed development; 6. Proposals for development within Critical Drainage Catchments, as identified in the Milton Keynes Surface Water Management Plan, should investigate the potential for the scheme to reduce or mitigate existing risk in the surrounding area; 7. All surface water drainage proposals for new development must include full details of the means of achieving future management, maintenance and adoption of the systems, prior to approval of any planning permission, to ensure that it will function effectively over the lifespan of the development. This will include details of funding and should be formulated through discussion with the relevant responsible bodies, including Milton Keynes Council, The Parks Trust, Anglian Water and the Internal Drainage Board; 8. Development will ensure no adverse impact on the functions and setting of a watercourse and its associated corridor; 9. Development should avoid building over or culverting watercourses, encourage the removal of existing culverts and seek opportunities to create wetlands and wet grasslands and woodlands and restore natural river flows and floodplains.

PROTECTING AND ENHANCING WATERCOURSES

A. All new development must be set back at a distance of at least 8 metres from any main rivers, at least 9 metres from all other ordinary watercourses, or at an appropriate width as agreed by the Environment Agency, Lead Local Flood Authority or Internal Drainage Board, in order to provide an adequate undeveloped buffer zone. Development that restricts future de-culverting of waterways should be avoided. B. The Council will resist proposals that would adversely affect the natural functioning of main rivers, ordinary watercourses and wet or dry balancing lakes, this includes through the culverting of open channels, unless for access purposes.

HORSE RELATED DEVELOPMENT

Planning permission will be granted for horse-related development in the open countryside and Linear Parks providing it is compatible with the policy guidance in Appendix D.

PROTECTION OF SITES

A. Development proposals which would likely cause harm to the nature conservation or geological interest of internationally (RAMSAR sites, SACs and SPAs) important sites will not be permitted unless: 1. There is no suitable alternative to the development; 2. There are imperative reasons of overriding public interest; 3. All reasonable possibilities for mitigation have been put in place; and 4. Compensatory provision in line with the mitigation hierarchy can be secured to ensure that the overall coherence of the site is protected and with the intent to achieve a net gain in biodiversity. B. Development proposals which would likely cause harm to a National Nature Reserve, Site of Special Scientific Interest or irreplaceable habitats such as Ancient Woodland will not be permitted unless: 1. There is no suitable alternative to the development; 2. The benefits of the development, at this site, clearly outweigh the adverse impacts on the site; 3. All reasonable possibilities for mitigation have been put in place; and 4. Compensatory provision in line with the mitigation hierarchy to ensure that the overall coherence of the site is protected and with the intent to achieve a net gain in biodiversity. C. Development proposals which would be likely to harm the biodiversity or geological conservation value of a site of countywide or local importance as shown on the Policies Maps or which serve as a 'biodiversity offset site' will only be permitted where: 1. The local development needs significantly outweigh the biodiversity or geological conservation value of the site; 2. All reasonable possibilities for mitigation have been put in place; and 3. Compensatory provision in line with the mitigation hierarchy can be secured to ensure that the overall coherence of the site is protected and with the intent to achieve a net gain in biodiversity.

PROTECTED SPECIES AND PRIORITY SPECIES AND HABITATS

A. Where there is a reasonable likelihood of the presence of statutorily protected species or their habitats development will not be permitted unless it has been demonstrated that the proposed development will not result in a negative impact upon those species and habitats. B. Where the site contains priority species or habitats, development should wherever possible promote their preservation, restoration, expansion and/or re-creation in line with Policy NE3.

BIODIVERSITY AND GEOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT

A. Development proposals will be required to maintain and protect biodiversity and geological resources, and wherever possible result in a measurable net gain in biodiversity, enhance the structure and function of ecological networks and the ecological status of water bodies in accordance with the vision and principles set out by the Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes NEP. B. If significant harm to biodiversity resulting from a development cannot be avoided, adequately mitigated or, as a last resort, compensated for then planning permission should be refused. C. Development proposals of 5 or more dwellings or non-residential floorspace in excess of 1,000 sq. m will be required to use the Defra metric or locally approved Biodiversity Impact Assessment Metric to demonstrate any loss or gain of biodiversity. D. Mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures must be secured and be maintained for the lifetime of the development. Enhancement and compensatory measures should seek opportunities for habitat protection, restoration and creation to meet the objectives of the UK and Bucks & Milton Keynes Biodiversity Action Plan and aims of the Biodiversity Opportunity Areas. These measures should also create and enhance habitats to help wildlife adapt to the impact of climate change.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

A. The network of green infrastructure throughout the Borough will be protected, extended and enhanced for its biodiversity, recreational, accessibility, health and landscape value and for the contribution it makes towards combating climate change. This is in accordance with the vision and principles (and the large-scale zone maps of Green Infrastructure Opportunity) set out by the Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes NEP. B. Development proposals will provide new green infrastructure or, if it is not possible, will contribute to the enhancement and strengthening of existing green infrastructure to provide wellbeing benefits to people through access to nature. C. Development proposals will ensure that existing ecological networks are identified and wherever possible maintained to avoid habitat fragmentation, and that ecological corridors, including water courses, form an essential component of their green infrastructure provision to support habitat connectivity. D. Green infrastructure protection, improvements and creation must be prioritised in locations where it can deliver most benefits. It should be multi-functional to deliver as many ecosystem services as the site requires, for example flood mitigation, access to nature (wellbeing benefits), plants for pollinators, carbon sequestration, and habitat for wildlife. E. The existing network of linear parks and linked parks and green spaces will be extended into the urban extensions and along the Ouse and Ouzel Valleys to the north to provide a well connected network of green infrastructure that: 1. Is strategically planned. 2. Is attractive and enhances the surrounding landscape. 3. Is safe and well used for recreation. 4. Meets the needs of existing and future residents. 5. Is designed to provide a range of ecosystem services e.g. manage flood risk or provide flower rich habitats that supports a diverse range of pollinators. 6. Is designed to support mitigation and adaptation to climate change e.g. through vegetation for carbon uptake (carbon sequestration). 7. Achieves a net gain in biodiversity. 8. Is managed into the long-term. 9. Where possible improves connectivity with other green infrastructure networks e.g. by linkages to the urban parks. 10. Where appropriate explores economic opportunities that will support the network's sustainability – for example in conservation, agriculture, renewable energy or outdoor environmental education or recreation; such activity must not result in a negative impact to the integrity of the network, the ecosystem services provided or on biodiversity. F. Where green infrastructure is provided outside the linear parks system, applicants should detail how it will address the above requirements.

CONSERVING AND ENHANCING LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

A. Where development in the open countryside is acceptable in principle under other policies in this plan, it will need to be undertaken in a manner that respects the particular character of the surrounding landscape. B. In particular, development proposals will need to demonstrate that the following aspects of landscape character have been conserved and where possible enhanced through sensitive design, landscape mitigation and enhancement measures: 1. The locally distinctive natural and man-made features that contribute towards the landscape character and its quality. 2. The historic setting and structure of the villages and hamlets. 3. Important views e.g. of local landmarks. 4. Tranquillity and the need to protect against intrusion from light pollution, noise, and motion. C. Development proposals should take into account the findings of the Milton Keynes Landscape Character Assessment (2016) and any other relevant landscape and visual assessments or studies. Where appropriate a site specific landscape and visual impact assessment (LVIA) will be required as part of a planning application and it must be demonstrated that the development proposal has been informed by a LVIA written in accordance with the standard method, Guidance for LVIA version 3 from the Landscape Institute.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

A. When considering development proposals, the Council will adopt the approach set out below to ensure that pollution will not have an unacceptable impact on human health, groundwater, general amenity, biodiversity or the wider natural environment. Contaminated land and soil pollution B. Planning applications for proposals for the following sites must be accompanied by a Preliminary Contaminated Land Risk Assessment to determine the likelihood of any ground, groundwater or gas contamination of the sites: 1. Land formerly used for industrial, commercial or utilities purposes. 2. Land which is considered to be potentially contaminated, contaminated or impacted by adjacent contamination. 3. Land where the proposed use is particularly vulnerable to the presence of contamination. C. Proposals which, by their nature, risk contributing to soil and water pollution will be required to demonstrate how this risk will be avoided or mitigated to an acceptable level. Air Quality D. Prevailing air quality and potential impacts upon air quality arising from airborne emissions, dust and odour associated with the construction and operation of a proposal (including vehicular traffic) will be considered when determining planning applications. Proposals that would result in or be subject to unacceptable risk to human health and the natural environment from air pollution, or would prejudice compliance with national air quality objectives, will be refused. E. An Air Quality Assessment that demonstrates how prevailing air quality and potential impacts upon air quality have been considered, and how air quality will be kept to an acceptable standard through avoidance and mitigation, will be required for major and minor development proposals if any of the following apply: 1. The development is likely, due to the nature of the proposal, and through in-combination effects, to give rise to significant air pollution; 2. The site is within an Air Quality Management Area; 3. The site is within 50 metres of a major road or heavily trafficked route; 4. The site is within proximity to a source of air pollution which could present a significant risk to human health; and/or 5. The type of development would mean its occupiers would be particularly sensitive to air pollution, such as schools, health care establishments or housing for older people. F. The potential impact of proposals upon odour levels, or their sensitivity to prevailing sources and levels of odour, should be considered and addressed. Where appropriate, the Council will require an Odour Impact Assessment to be provided, including an Odour Management Plan where necessary. Noise and Vibration G. A Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment will be required for proposals with the potential to cause disturbance to people or the natural environment due to noise and/or vibration and for proposals that are considered to be sensitive to noise and/or vibration. Proposals that would result in or be subject to noise pollution and/or vibration that is: 1. Very disruptive and would have an unacceptable adverse effect on human health or the natural environment or the tranquillity and enjoyment of the countryside will not be permitted. 2. Disruptive and would have a significant adverse effect on human health or the natural environment or the tranquillity and enjoyment of the countryside will be refused unless the need for, and benefits of, the development significantly outweigh the harm and all feasible solutions to avoid and mitigate that harm have been fully implemented. 3. Intrusive and would have an adverse effect on human health or the natural environment or the tranquillity enjoyment of the countryside will be resisted unless the need for, and benefits of, the development outweigh the harm and all feasible solutions to avoid and mitigate that harm have been fully implemented. H. Proposals adjacent or within 100m of existing or proposed major roads, heavily trafficked roads, and railways will be required to adopt setbacks and landscaping measures to provide screening and acoustic buffers to protect the amenity of proposed buildings and areas of outdoor amenity space. Light pollution I. Proposals that include external lighting schemes, including floodlighting, will be approved where it can be demonstrated through a Lighting Assessment that all of the following criteria can be satisfied: 1. The lighting scheme is the minimum required for security and operational purposes; 2. Glare and light spillage are minimised; 3. The amenity of residential areas is not adversely affected; 4. There would be no unacceptable adverse impact on the character and beauty, openness, tranquillity, dark landscapes or enjoyment of the night sky of the countryside; 5. The visual character of historic buildings and conservation areas are not adversely affected; 6. There would be no dazzling or distraction of drivers using nearby roads; 7. There would be no unacceptable adverse effects on species, habitats or the wider natural environment.

PROTECTION OF THE BEST AND MOST VERSATILE AGRICULTURAL LAND

In assessing proposals for the development of greenfield sites, the Council will take into account the economic and other benefits of the best and most versatile agricultural land. Development involving the loss of agricultural land should seek to use areas of poorer quality land (grades 3b, 4 and 5 of the Agricultural Land Classification) in preference to that of a higher quality unless other sustainability considerations suggest otherwise.

HERITAGE AND DEVELOPMENT

A. Proposals will be supported where they sustain and, where possible, enhance the significance of heritage assets which are recognised as being of historic, archaeological, architectural, artistic, landscape or townscape significance. These heritage assets include: 1. Listed Buildings; 2. Conservation Areas; 3. Scheduled Ancient Monuments and non-designated Archaeological sites; 4. Registered Parks and Gardens; 5. Assets on the MK New-Town Heritage Register; and 6. Other places, spaces, structures and features which may not be formally designated but considered to meet the definition of 'heritage assets' as defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF. B. Where appropriate, development proposals must provide an impartial and objective heritage assessment. Where necessary, the Council will require suitably qualified specialists to undertake the heritage assessment. The heritage assessment shall: 1. Assess and describe the significance of the heritage assets affected, identifying those elements that contribute to that significance and, where appropriate, those that do not. The level of detail shall be proportionate to the asset's importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of proposals on their significance. Limited and localised alterations to an unlisted building in a conservation area need not be supported by the level of detail required to convey the impact on significance caused by development in the setting of a listed building or by proposed alterations to the built fabric of a listed building. 2. Be of an analytical and interpretive nature rather than simply provide a description of the assets and the proposed works. 3. Provide a sound justification for the works, based on the economic, social and environmental benefits delivered by the scheme, for example, promoting the long term care for a heritage asset and/or its setting. 4. Explain how the scheme has taken account of the significance of the assets in its scope, design and detail, in order to minimise or avoid harm to the heritage assets affected. 5. Assess the nature and extent of any harm or public benefit arising from the scheme. 6. Where harm is caused by the proposal, the assessment shall explain why such harm is unavoidable or required to deliver public benefits that outweigh the harm caused. C. Where applications seek to change the use of a listed building, evidence should be submitted to demonstrate that the proposal includes the full scope of works required to achieve that use (such as those that will be required by Building Regulations, The Fire Authority, Environmental Health etc.). Where a change of use requires a significant alteration or structural works, an engineer's report shall be submitted to demonstrate that the building is capable of conversion, set out the full extent of works and show how they have taken account of 2 a) above. D. Granting of permission for proposals that result in substantial harm to or total loss of the significance of a designated heritage asset will only be exceptional or wholly exceptional in accordance with national policy and guidance. E. Permission for proposals that cause less than substantial harm to a designated heritage asset will only be granted where the harm is demonstrably outweighed by public benefits delivered by the scheme. F. Proposals that result in harm to the significance of non-designated heritage assets will be resisted unless the need for, and benefits of the development clearly outweigh the harm, taking into account the asset's significance and importance, and only once all feasible solutions to avoid and mitigate that harm have been fully implemented. G. In assessing any potential harm or enhancement to the significance of a heritage asset(s) the following will be considered: 1. Avoiding successive small scale changes that lead to a cumulative loss or harm to the significance of the asset or historic environment; 2. Respecting the character, appearance, special interest and setting of the asset and historic environment; 3. Retaining architectural or historic features which are important to the character and appearance of the asset (including internal features) in an unaltered state; and 4. Retaining the historic form and structural integrity of the asset. H. Where 'enabling development' is proposed, the Council will expect the proposal to accord with Historic England's published guidance. The applicant will provide accurate evidence to establish that a 'heritage deficit' exists. It is not the role of 'enabling development' to reimburse owners or applicants who have paid above the market value of asset, that value being based on the current condition of the asset. I. Proposals will be accompanied by an appropriate desk-based assessment and field evaluation where development is proposed affecting an unscheduled site of known archaeological interest or with the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest (General requirement for applications affecting heritage assets). J. The ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether the loss of significance should be permitted. Where harm to or loss of heritage assets occurs as a consequence of development it will be necessary for developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of the affected assets in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact (NPPF paragraph 141). Recording techniques should keep in step with current best practice and in particular the use of photogrammetry and fine grain LIDAR ground scans where unavoidable loss will occur. In the case of heritage assets of greater than local importance the results of this recording work should be published in the relevant local or period journal or in book form according to the scale and significance of the assets affected. Where significant archaeological remains are found, provision shall be made for public open days, exhibitions and/or popular publications/booklets. Where archaeological remains are preserved within public open space appropriate on-site interpretation and a strategy for long term care (and funding thereof) shall be produced as part of a holistic approach to the long term stewardship of the open space in question and agreed with the body responsible for the same. Where recording or assessment results in a physical archive for deposition at an appropriate museum or archive facilities, consideration of resources for its storage, interpretation and public access should be made in order to capture the heritage significance of that asset for future generations.

GRANNY ANNEXES

Proposals for 'granny annexes' will be permitted where the extension to an existing dwelling is modest in size and subordinate in scale to the main dwelling. The annex should be designed in such a way that it can function as an integrated part of the main dwelling whilst allowing for a degree of independence for the occupant(s). Vehicular access and garden areas should be shared with no boundary demarcation or sub-division of garden areas.

HOUSING STRATEGY

A. Plan:MK will deliver a minimum of 26,500 net dwellings across the Borough of Milton Keynes over the period 2016-2031. New housing development will be focused on, and adjacent to, the existing urban area of Milton Keynes as well as the three key settlements, and will be delivered by: 1. The completion of existing city estates, expansion areas and strategic land allocations; 2. The continued development of Central Milton Keynes including Campbell Park development areas; 3. The completion of existing commitments as outlined in Appendix A; 4. South East Milton Keynes Strategic Urban Extension: the development of a new comprehensive residential-led strategic allocation on the edge of the existing urban area, extending the development boundary of the urban area to potentially incorporate approximately 3,000 dwellings. This development will be delivered as set out in Policy SD11; 5. Land at Eaton Leys: residential development of up to 600 homes, with associated facilities; 6. The delivery of sites already identified in made neighbourhood plans, both within the urban and rural area of the Borough; 7. The development of small to medium sized, non-strategic sites, within the urban area of Milton Keynes, as allocated through Plan:MK, as outlined below; 8. Small to medium scale development within rural and key settlements, appropriate to the size, function and role of each settlement to be delivered through allocations in neighbourhood plans currently being prepared; 9. The regeneration of some existing city housing estates as brought forward by the Council's regeneration programme, subject to local referendums; 10. Regeneration opportunities around the centres of Wolverton and Bletchley; 11. The redevelopment of brownfield sites, vacant or underused sites within the Milton Keynes urban area will be encouraged where such development is in line with other relevant policies in this plan, including design, density, access and connectivity; 12. Land East of the M1: a mixed residential and employment strategic site to the east of the M1, south of Newport Pagnell, is allocated as a strategic urban extension to meet the long term needs of Milton Keynes. Development of this site can commence once the necessary strategic infrastructure required to make the site deliverable, including required connections to the existing urban area of Milton Keynes, is funded and is being delivered; and 13. Permitting development proposals within the defined settlement boundaries where they comply with all other relevant policies of Plan:MK and neighbourhood plans. B. As part of the wider housing strategy, the provision of additional housing accommodation for older persons and those with specialist needs through bed spaces within residential institutions (Use Class C2) will be supported. The forecast provision over the plan period in the Strategic Housing Market Assessment 2017 is some 1,200 bedspaces and delivery against this projection will be monitored. Policy HN3 of the Plan will inform specific development proposals. C. As per Criterion 7 above, the following small to medium, non-strategic sites, as outlined on the Policies Maps, are allocated for residential development.

HOUSING MIX AND DENSITY

A. Proposals for 11 or more new dwellings will be expected to provide a mix of tenure, type and size of dwellings that: 1. Reflects the Council's latest evidence of housing need and market demand; 2. Reflects the needs of different household types; 3. Avoids the over-concentration of certain types of residential development in an area; and 4. Takes account of the nature of the development proposal, for example flatted development or supported/sheltered housing where greater variety of house type, size or tenure may not be feasible or appropriate. B. Larger residential proposals will be expected to provide a wider mix of tenure, type and size of affordable and market dwellings, and a range of net densities across the development commensurate with their greater potential to create and sustain inclusive mixed communities and help deliver the strategic objectives of Plan:MK. C. Net densities of proposals for 11 or more new dwellings should balance making efficient use of land with respecting the surrounding character and context. Higher density development will be encouraged in locations with good accessibility to facilities, that are well served by public transport, and where it can be accommodated by existing or improved infrastructure. D. Net densities for proposals within the following areas should be within the ranges indicated: 1. Central Milton Keynes (excluding Campbell Park): 150 – 500 dwellings per hectare. 2. Area covered by the Central Bletchley Prospectus: 150 – 250 dwellings per hectare. E. Where no or low levels of parking are proposed, to achieve densities that help realise wider strategic objectives, they will be required to demonstrate the site has good accessibility to frequent public transport services to public transport nodes, district/town/local centres, schools and employment areas. F. Where the amount of proposed open space would be below that required by other policies in the plan, in order to achieve densities that help realise wider strategic objectives, proposals will be required to: 1. Ensure the proposed private and/or shared outdoor amenity space and the internal amenity of buildings is designed and provided to an exceptional quality; and 2. Demonstrate that there is a sufficient quantity of open space within reasonable proximity of the site.

RURAL EXCEPTION SITES

A. Proposals for small-scale "affordable" housing schemes to meet local rural needs should be approved for on exception sites in the following locations: 1. Outside the development boundaries of villages as defined in the settlement hierarchy; 2. In smaller settlements where no limits of development have been defined in Plan:MK or a neighbourhood plan; and/or 3. On sites identified through the preparation of a neighbourhood plan. B. In each case, proposals should be approved where the Council is satisfied that: 1. There is a demonstrable social or economic need for affordable housing for local residents which cannot be met in any other way and which can reasonably be expected to persist in the long term. An application will be required to be supported by an up to date housing need assessment which clearly demonstrates that there is a need arising from the settlement for the type, scale and tenure of the proposed affordable dwellings; 2. The size of the development and the number of dwellings proposed is appropriate to the scale of the community it is supporting; 3. The development is well-related to the existing pattern of development in the settlement and there is no detriment to the character of the village or the open countryside; and 4. Suitably secure arrangements will be made to ensure the housing is reserved for local needs in perpetuity. C. The Council will also consider the provision of some market housing within a site to assist with scheme viability, if it can be demonstrated through open and transparent viability evidence that such housing would ensure the delivery of significant additional affordable homes to meet local needs.

GYPSIES AND TRAVELLERS

A. Pitches at the following existing, developed Traveller sites will be safeguarded: 1. Calverton Lane (12 existing pitches) 2. Willen Road (6 existing pitches) B. Pitches at the following previously allocated sites will be carried forward as allocations and safeguarded in Plan:MK: 1. Calverton Lane (4 allocated pitches) 2. Newton Leys (8 allocated pitches) C. To accommodate the full identified need of 19 pitches for the period up to 2031, 7 new pitches will be provided as part of the strategic site in South East Milton Keynes. D. Proposals should be approved for an alternative use of a safeguarded site if an alternative, replacement site has been identified and developed to provide facilities of an equivalent or improved standard (including its location), or if sufficient evidence can be produced to show that there no longer remains a need for the site(s) to be retained for Gypsy and Traveller use. E. New Gypsy and Traveller sites, or extensions to an existing lawful site, shall also be safeguarded for such use. F. New permanent Gypsy and Traveller sites, and extensions to existing lawful sites, including transit sites, will be permitted provided: 1. The number of new pitches on an individual site is limited to no more than 15; 2. A genuine need for the site or extension has been demonstrated; 3. The site is reasonably accessible to shops, schools, health and other local services and community facilities; 4. Sites must be well related to the primary road network and have adequate road access; 5. The site is compatible with neighbouring land uses, and minimises impact on adjacent uses, built form and landscape character; 6. There is space within the site for the provision of essential facilities, including parking, and landscaping; 7. The development complies with Plan:MK Policies NE1-6; 8. The site would not affect a site of nature conservation interest. G. Any net loss of authorised permanent sites or a reduction in the number of authorised pitches for Gypsies and Travellers will only be permitted where it can be robustly demonstrated that the overall need for sites or pitches/plots no longer exists.

TRAVELLING SHOWPEOPLE

A. New sites for travelling showpeople should be approved if they satisfy all of the following criteria: 1. A genuine need for the site has been demonstrated; 2. The site is reasonably accessible to shops, schools, health and other local services and community facilities; 3. The site has convenient and safe access to the primary road network for both domestic traffic and fairground vehicles and equipment; 4. The site is compatible with neighbouring land uses, and minimises impact on adjacent uses, built form and landscape character; 5. There is space within the site for the provision of essential facilities including parking, and landscaping; 6. The site is not within an Area of Attractive Landscape; 7. The development would not be prominent from public vantage points and equipment storage areas in particular should be well screened; 8. The site would not affect a site of nature conservation interest. B. Any net loss of authorised permanent sites or a reduction in the number of authorised plots for Travelling Showpeople will only be permitted where it can be robustly demonstrated that the overall need for sites or pitches/plots no longer exists.

AFFORDABLE HOUSING

A. Proposals for 11 or more homes should provide 31% of those homes as affordable housing. Proposals that provide greater than 31% of homes as affordable housing will be strongly supported. However, proposals consisting of 50% or more affordable housing will only be supported provided that they would maintain (or help create) a mix of housing tenures and therefore a mixed and sustainable community within the wider neighbourhood the proposal is situated in. B. The tenure mix of affordable housing to be provided will consist of: 1. 25% of units for rent at a range of rental levels up to 80% of market rents (but at no more than Local Housing Allowance rates), under the Affordable Rent model, including approximately 5% of the total affordable provision at a level broadly equivalent to Social Rent (at the time an application is considered). 2. 6% Shared Ownership (based on a range of 25%-40% equity share). C. The design, siting and phasing of affordable housing within development proposals should ensure its proper integration and timely provision as part of the wider development to contribute towards creating sustainable, mixed and inclusive communities. Piecemeal proposals for fewer than 11 homes across areas of land that would ordinarily provide a higher number of homes will not be accepted where there is evidence that this is being done in order to avoid providing affordable housing. D. In seeking affordable housing provision the Council will have regard to the current viability of developments, including land values and other development costs. Where it has been demonstrated to the Council's satisfaction through the submission of viability evidence, which is open and transparent, that the provision of affordable housing in accordance with the above levels and tenure mix would deem the scheme unviable then the Council will take a flexible approach to achieving viability as follows: 1. Reviewing the tenure mix; 2. Reviewing the extent of other site specific planning obligations; and 3. The proportion of affordable housing. E. In exceptional circumstances off-site provision or financial contributions of equivalent value may be accepted. F. Where a development is proposed that complies with the Milton Keynes Council definition for Build to Rent housing, the requirement for 31% affordable housing set out in Part A above should be provided entirely as discounted market rent (DMR) to be managed by the Build to Rent provider. Alternatively, a financial contribution in lieu of the provision of on-site affordable housing will be accepted. In this case, the financial contribution to be provided would be subject to a viability assessment. G. For affordable housing provided at DMR, the Council will require rent levels (including service charges) to be set at no more than 80% of market rents or the Local Housing Allowance rates, whichever is the lowest. H. All affordable housing provision secured through planning will be required to be affordable in perpetuity, in line with the requirements of the NPPF. Therefore, should the developments be sold onto the open market at any time, during or after the covenant period, then a commuted sum would need to be paid to the Council to secure the affordable housing provision in perpetuity, or replacement affordable housing would need to be provided of an equivalent value. I. The preparation of the Council's Affordable Housing SPD will assist in the implementation of this policy.

SUPPORTED AND SPECIALIST HOUSING

A. Commensurate with their scale and nature, residential development proposals will be expected to provide an element of supported or specialist housing to help contribute towards meeting the needs of older persons and households with specific needs. Where on-site provision is not feasible, or desirable by the Council, then financial contributions will be sought to enable provision of such housing through other means, including the adaptation of existing homes and new build housing. B. Development proposals for, or which incorporate, suitable supported housing and C2 bed spaces will be strongly supported, provided: 1. It is in a form that meets the housing needs of older people and households with specific needs that are evident at the time of the proposal; 2. It is in a location that enables easy accessibility to facilities and public transport by pedestrians, including those with impaired mobility and wheelchair users; 3. It would not result in an over-concentration of that type of accommodation in that location; and 4. Local primary health care providers can sustainably accommodate the increase in the demands associated with the occupiers of the supported and specialist housing.

AMENITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF HOMES

A. All proposals for Class C3 dwellings will be required to: 1. As a minimum, meet the Nationally Described Space Standard, unless it can be robustly demonstrated that this would not be feasible or viable. 2. Demonstrate good internal and external design that can accommodate different lifestyles and needs, and be capable of adaptation and extension to accommodate the changing needs of households over time. B. Proposals for 11 or more new dwellings will be required, subject to viability, to provide: 1. At least 60% of all new dwellings across market and affordable tenures that are built to Building Regulations Part M4(2) standards for accessible and adaptable dwellings; the delivery of which should be distributed across market and affordable tenures. 2. At least 5% of all new market dwellings that are capable of being readily adapted to the Building Regulations part M4(3) wheelchair accessible standard. 3. At least 10% of all new affordable dwellings that are built to Building Regulations part M4(3) wheelchair accessible standard. These dwellings should include automatic fire suppression measures consistent with Building Regulations Part B.

SELF-BUILD AND CUSTOM HOUSEBUILDING

A. The Council supports the aspirations of self-build and custom-build homes and will strongly support proposals for self build and custom housebuilding that involve the creation of low-cost and Affordable Housing. B. To further support prospective custom builders, the strategic growth areas allocated within Plan:MK, and any proposals for further strategic residential development, will be required to provide 1 hectare of the site for serviced dwelling plots for sale to custom builders to contribute towards meeting the evidenced demand for self-build and custom housebuilding in the Borough. C. Self- build plots being delivered under Policy HN5 will be expected to be marketed for a minimum period of 12 months once made available. If, once plots have been marketed for the minimum period, they have not sold they may then remain on the market as self-build plots, be offered for purchase to the Council or partner Housing Associations, or be built out by the landowner as appropriate.

HOUSING FOR TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION

A. Proposals for C3 housing to provide temporary accommodation for households in emergency or urgent need of accommodation will be permitted provided that: 1. the proposal is consistent with the Council's Homelessness Strategy; 2. the units provided would afford a good level of amenity for a range of household sizes or types; 3. the proposal incorporates or is in close proximity to relevant support services, amenities and facilities to enable easy access by occupiers; and 4. the building would be owned and managed by an organisation(s) with a proven track record of providing, owning and managing good quality accommodation. B. Where proposals for C3 housing to provide temporary accommodation would not comply with other policies within the plan to the extent that permission would be refused, non-compliance will be allowed (with the exception of policies that indicate residential development is inappropriate and should be restricted) provided there is clear evidence to justify this and clear evidence that the proposed development would not have a lifespan of greater than 15 years.

HOUSES IN MULTIPLE OCCUPATION

To maintain mixed, balanced, sustainable and inclusive communities, proposals for Houses in Multiple Occupation will be approved where they would not create an over concentration of such accommodation resulting in an imbalance within local communities or other significant adverse impacts. Proposals should comply with the Council's Houses in Multiple Occupation Supplementary Planning Document.

STUDENT ACCOMMODATION

Purpose built on-campus student accommodation to meet the demonstrated needs of higher education providers in the Borough will be supported where this is in accordance with a master-plan that has been approved by the Council. Off-campus purpose built and adapted student accommodation will be supported where it is highly accessible to a main university or college campus within the Borough by walking, cycling and public transport and provides sufficient on-site car parking. Development should not on its own, or cumulatively with other similar developments in the area, have a significant adverse impact on the amenity of residents and local communities, or on the character of the area.

LOSS AND CONVERSION OF EXISTING RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES

A. Proposals which result in the loss of one or more dwellings through demolition or conversion will be permitted where: 1. There would be a net gain in the overall number of dwellings provided by the proposal; or 2. It can be demonstrated that the existing dwelling is significantly affected by adverse environmental conditions and there is no reasonable prospect that the impacts can be adequately mitigated to create a healthy living environment for existing or future occupants; or 3. The social, economic or environmental benefits of doing so are demonstrated to significantly outweigh the need to minimise net losses to the Borough's housing stock. In particular, significant weight will be attributed to maintaining the provision of wheelchair accessible and adaptable properties. B. There will be a presumption against proposals that would result in the loss of a bungalow(s) (or single storey dwelling) via demolition or its conversion to two or more storeys.

SOUTH EAST MILTON KEYNES STRATEGIC URBAN EXTENSION

A. Land is allocated at South East Milton Keynes – as shown on the Key Diagram and Policies Map – for a comprehensive residential-led mixed use development of approximately 3,000 dwellings to meet the needs of Milton Keynes up to 2031 and beyond. If the chosen corridor for the Oxford Cambridge Expressway (OCE) maintains the possibility that the OCE could be routed through the site, then planning permission for housing and associated uses will not be permitted until the detailed alignment of the OCE is known. B. In addition to the requirements set out in other policies within this plan, including Policies INF1, SD1, SD9 and SD10, development of the site will be required to: 1. Provide schools to accommodate seven forms of entry for secondary education and 6 forms of entry for primary education, as well as necessary nursery and early years provision. Schools should be capable of dual use as community facilities. 2. Ensure development is well connected and integrated with adjacent grid squares, public transport services and the strategic and local highway grid network in line with the Council's Mobility Strategy. Provision of grade separated crossings of the railway should be provided or retained as appropriate to ensure connectivity of the southern areas of the site with the remainder of the site and the city to the north in line with policies CT1-CT3 and CT5. The number, location and purpose of any such crossings will be set out within the development framework. 3. Incorporate buffer areas, structural landscaping and strategic green infrastructure within the site to prevent coalescence with Woburn Sands and Bow Brickhill, respect and reinforce the distinct character of Wavendon, Woburn Sands and Bow Brickhill, ensure ecological connectivity, and mitigate any harm caused to the Brickhills area and wider landscape character. 4. Be informed by an archaeological field study, including a Geophysical Survey, to identify potential below ground archaeology. Where feasible, the Council will expect below ground archaeology to be kept in situ in preference to its removal. 5. A site to accommodate 7 pitches for Gypsies and Travellers shall be provided as part of this development. C. The development will be brought forward in line with all relevant policies in Plan:MK, particularly Policy SD1, SD9, SD10, NE1-7 and INF1. A comprehensive development framework for the site will be prepared in accordance with policies SD1, SD9, SD10 and INF1 and approved by the Council prior to planning permissions being granted.

MILTON KEYNES EAST STRATEGIC URBAN EXTENSION

A. Land is allocated at Milton Keynes East – as shown on the Key Diagram and Policies Map – for a comprehensive new residential and employment development to meet the long-term needs of Milton Keynes. Development can commence once the necessary strategic infrastructure required to make the site deliverable is funded and is being delivered. In that circumstance, the development of the site will be allowed to proceed within the plan period as an additional source of housing and employment land supply. B. Development will be brought forward in line with all relevant policies in Plan:MK, particularly Policies SD1, SD9, SD10 and INF1. A comprehensive development framework for the site will be prepared in accordance with the Policies SD1, SD9, SD10 and INF1 and approved by the Council prior to planning permissions being granted. C. The development framework and subsequent applications for planning permission will establish the quantum and form of development in more detail, but proposals for development will be expected to meeting the following criteria: 1. Delivery of around 5,000 new homes, including at least 1,475 homes within the plan period, providing a range of sizes, types and tenures, including affordable housing, in accordance with other policies in the Plan. 2. Around 105 hectares of land for a mix of employment uses, complementing the role and function of CMK. 3. Associated infrastructure including primary and secondary education, community facilities, health, retail and local services and a hotel. The development should comprise at least one district centre and/or local centre(s), of scale commensurate to the needs of the new community and that would not adversely affect the viability and vitality of Newport Pagnell district centre, with a co-location of key facilities. 4. The phased introduction of a comprehensive network of transport infrastructure in line with the Local Investment Plan, to include grid road connections to H4/V11 to the west and improved highway connections to Newport Pagnell and Central Milton Keynes (CMK), including new and/or enhanced vehicular crossings of the M1, involving highway works on and off-site. 5. A corridor of land safeguarded for a fast mass-transit system, and associated infrastructure, enabling connectivity to CMK and other key destinations. The width of the corridor should be sufficient to enable a range of possible transit solutions to come forward whilst also ensuring the efficient use of land for achieving the scale of development proposed within this policy. 6. A network of segregated, and where appropriate grade-separated, new and enhanced footpaths, cycleways and bridleways (including redways) to connect to existing routes beyond the site, including provision of appropriate pedestrian and cyclist crossings of the A422 and suitable safe and attractive crossings of the M1 as appropriate. 7. A strategic green infrastructure framework and network of green spaces to meet strategic and local requirements that follows the guidance in the Council's Landscape Character Assessment and Green Infrastructure Strategy to ensure ecological connectivity, protect the identity and character of nearby settlements and mitigate any significant impacts on the landscape in accordance with Policy NE5. 8. The creation of a linear park through the site that broadly correlates with the River Ouzel floodplain and existing green infrastructure assets of value within and adjacent to it. 9. Be informed by appropriate surveys of archaeology, built heritage and ecology with appropriate mitigation of impact as consistent with other policies of the Plan and the NPPF. An archaeological field study, including a Geophysical Survey, where appropriate following desk-based assessment, will required to identify potential below ground archaeology. Where feasible, the Council will expect below ground archaeology to be kept in situ in preference to its removal.

LAND AT EATON LEYS, LITTLE BRICKHILL

A. Land at Eaton Leys, Little Brickhill, as shown on the Key Diagram and Policies Map, is allocated for the development of up to 600 dwellings within the plan period. B. The development will comprise: 1. Delivery of up to 600 dwellings. 2. A local centre (which would include retail and a community centre). 3. A health centre. 4. Land reserved for a 1-form entry primary school. 5. Associated highways infrastructure including improvements to the A4146 approach to the A5/A4146 roundabout; a vehicular access from the A4146, a pedestrian/cycle bridge crossing of the River Ouzel, remodelling of Watling Street to deliver a segregated redway and delivery of connections from the site into the existing redway network. 6. Multi-functional and well-connected public open space, informal amenity space, children's play space, open space incorporating the setting of the scheduled monument and other areas of archaeological interest, surface water attenuation and strategic landscaping. 7. A layout that respects the setting of the Scheduled Monument, its setting and other areas of archaeological interest by avoiding the Monument and these areas, allowing their preservation in situ, to be demonstrated by a management plan which shall be submitted for approval in writing by the Council. Mitigation of archaeological remains on the site will be necessary, either by recording or preservation in situ/avoidance of remains. 8. Delivery of other associated services and utilities infrastructure.

CENTRAL BLETCHLEY PROSPECTUS AREA

A. Development within the Central Bletchley Prospectus Area will be guided by the following principles: 1. The density of residential development to be 150-250 dwellings per hectare. 2. Improved pedestrian connections and legibility. 3. Improved public realm. 4. Refurbishment and /or redevelopment of key sites and buildings. 5. Exploring options for the early redevelopment of the Police and Fire Station sites. 6. Exploring the potential of existing infrastructure to help enable and unlock residential-led mixed use development opportunities. 7. Further improve the quality of pedestrian routes to and from Bletchley Station. 8. Development should not preclude the delivery of an 'eastern entrance' to Bletchley railway station. 9. The development will provide green infrastructure in line with Policy NE4, providing wellbeing benefits through access to nature.

MILTON KEYNES RUGBY CLUB, GREENLEYS

A. Site Area: 5.34ha. B. Capacity: Up to 125 homes will be permitted on the site. C. Development should adhere to the following principles (also illustrated on the accompanying Parameters Plan): 1. Vehicular access will be taken off Field Lane. 2. The 3G pitch and club house should be located close to the main vehicular entrance. 3. Housing should provide surveillance over the existing redway along the western edge of the site. 4. The existing hedge across the site should be retained and kept in the public domain and incorporated into on-site green infrastructure in line with Policy NE4. 5. The vegetation bordering the A5 is Priority Habitat - Deciduous Woodland. The vegetation must be conserved and enhanced wherever possible. D. The development will be expected to fund replacement playing fields in the form of an on-site 3G pitch and a replacement club house. E. There is a desire for additional s106 contributions to fund new play infrastructure to the east of the site behind Freemans Close. Further investigation into the feasibility of this should take place.

THE WALNUTS, REDHOUSE PARK

A. Site Area: 3.53ha. B. Capacity: Up to 125 homes will be permitted on the site, based on the whole site area being developed for residential use. C. A development brief is to be prepared and adopted by MKC, prior to planning permission being granted. The development brief should adhere to the below principles (also illustrated on the accompanying Parameters Plan): 1. Retail and/or employment development could be included in the eastern portion of the site to help as a noise attenuation buffer from the M1 Motorway with access taken from Wolverton Road. 2. Noise mitigation measures maybe required and should be investigated further as part of the preparation of the development brief. 3. Access for new housing (and any retail/employment development) should be taken off a single access point from Wolverton Road only. 4. Pedestrian-only and emergency access should be provided from the site into Redhouse Park (and in particular the existing play area) via Sheep Way. 5. Development should present a positive frontage onto Wolverton Road. 6. The existing footpath along the northern edge of Wolverton Road should be upgraded into a redway connecting with the existing redway that currently terminates at the south western corner of the site. 7. The development brief should determine whether the existing vegetation along Wolverton Road should be retained. 8. Development should be integrated with Redhouse Park through a new landscaped public space included along Alder Way serving both developments with new housing fronting onto this space. D. Affordable housing should be provided in line with current policy.

CENTRAL MILTON KEYNES – GROWTH AND AREAS OF CHANGE

A. In order for CMK to maintain and develop its position as a regional centre and the driver of the Borough's economy, significant new levels of growth will need to be accommodated. The Council will therefore seek to accommodate the following in CMK: 1. 3,535 additional new homes. 2. 110,000m2 of office floorspace (12). 3. Up to 33,490m2 of comparison retail floorspace in the primary shopping area of CMK. 4. The site requirements of existing and potential further and higher education institutions, which may include an element of student accommodation. 5. Additional food and drink and hotel floorspace. 6. Support services for people with specific needs. 7. Green infrastructure for the wellbeing of CMK residents and the attractiveness of CMK for visitors in line with Policy NE4. 8. Conserve biodiversity and provide for the natural environment in line with Policies NE2 and NE3. B. This new growth will be accommodated using a combination of the redevelopment of vacant, underdeveloped and under-performing sites including the development of Block B4 for further and higher education. Blocks F1.2-F1.4, G1.1-G1.3, G1.4N and H1.1 on the northern side of Campbell Park will be developed for largely residential purposes together with other mixed uses appropriate to a residential area. On the southern side of Campbell Park, Blocks F4.3. G4.1-G4.3 and G3.3 will be developed for largely residential purposes with other mixed uses appropriate to a residential area. The role of Campbell Park as the main city centre park will be maintained and links to the park will be improved where opportunities arise. The impact of development proposals on the setting of the park will be considered in the determination of planning applications for those proposals. C. Supplementary Planning Documents and Development Briefs will be prepared to guide change and the development of CMK sites.

EASTERN EXPANSION AREA

A. Proposals for the Eastern Expansion Area must include: 1. Large footprint employment development at Fen Farm (80 ha). 2. Housing and ancillary uses at Broughton Manor Farm (50 ha). 3. Housing, ancillary and mixed uses (including B1/B2/B8 employment uses) at and adjoining Brooklands Farm, east of the A5130 and north of Broughton Brook (130 ha). 4. Improvements to the A421 and A5130, including Kingston roundabout. 5. A secondary school (about 10 ha). 6. Combined schools and local centre. 7. Continuation of the linear park along Broughton Brook, to include any new balancing lakes to serve the new development and with access and links to connect the linear park extension to the existing linear park. 8. A continuation of the urban village concept at Broughton / Atterbury, including links to existing and planned facilities within the urban village. 9. 30% affordable housing. 10. The provision of a dedicated public transport route (or routes) connecting the Eastern Expansion Area with CMK, through each phase of development prior to the occupation of development in that phase. This route should be designed to be capable of upgrading to mass transit characteristics as and when appropriate. 11. The safeguarding of land within the Eastern Expansion Area as part of the Broughton Brook linear park to enable construction of a section of the Bedford to Milton Keynes Waterway.

WESTERN EXPANSION AREA

A. Proposals for the Western Expansion Area must include: 1. Housing and ancillary uses (about 200 ha). 2. B1/B2/B8 employment uses (10-20ha). 3. A secondary school about 10 ha. 4. Local centres, including first / combined schools. 5. Open space to include land for a burial ground and remembrance garden (about 10ha). 6. Protection and enhancement of the wildlife corridor along the North Bucks Way, including working with other bodies towards the establishment of a long term management and maintenance mechanism for the wildlife corridor, and the creation of an alternative route for the North Bucks Way north of Calverton Lane, along the western boundary of the area, to connect with the Ouse Valley Way near Calverton. 7. Retention of the Listed Buildings at Whitehouse Farm. 8. A landscape / open space buffers between development and The Wealds and other measures to reduce the visual impact of development when viewed from the countryside and villages to the west. 9. 30% affordable housing. 10. Measures to reduce the risk of flooding in Lower Weald. 11. Measures to avoid traffic rat-running through nearby villages and residential areas. 12. Proposals for public transport, pedestrian and cycle routes that will provide convenient, direct, safe and clear routes to CMK and Westcroft District Centre.

STRATEGIC RESERVE AREAS

A. The policy identifies four Strategic Reserve Areas (SRAs) in or adjoining the Milton Keynes urban area: 1. SR1 – Land east of Fen Farm 2. SR2 – Glebe Farm 3. SR3 – Eagle Farm 4. SR4 – Church Farm B. These areas have been allocated along with: 1. additional land between SR2 and SR3 2. the land currently designated as open countryside to the west of Newport Road and immediately north of the settlement boundary of Wavendon Village, east and west of Stockwell Lane 3. land to the east of Eagle Farm South (land at Wavendon Lodge) 4. the three areas of mostly woodland adjacent to Eagle Farm North as a sustainable urban extension (the Strategic Land Allocation) to Milton Keynes. The allocation is shown on the Plan:MK Policies Maps. C. Development in the Strategic Land Allocation will be permitted in accordance with other relevant policies in the Development Plan and the principles of development set out below. These principles will be defined in more detail through the preparation of a single development framework for the area, which will be produced by Milton Keynes Council with the involvement of the landowner and developers, The Parks Trust, stakeholders and the community. D. In order to ensure that the Strategic Land Allocation is brought forward in a strategic and comprehensive manner, that is in accordance with the Strategic Land Allocation Development Framework Supplementary Planning Document. Design codes will also be required for each phase or site, to be prepared by the developer and approved by Milton Keynes Council. E. The principles of the development are that development should: 1. Provide a sustainable urban extension to Milton Keynes, providing in the region of 2,900 homes. 2. Create a sustainable, safe and high quality urban extension which is well integrated with and accessible from the existing city. Its structure and layout should be based on the principles that have shaped the existing city, especially the grid road system, the linear parks and strategic flood water management. 3. Maintain the character and integrity of existing settlements and provide clear separation between the new development and adjacent existing settlements. 4. Maximise opportunities for sustainable travel patterns, including reducing car use by locating development close to public transport nodes and routes. 5. Link to the surrounding road, redway and grid road network. 6. Apply, as a minimum, the highest standards of sustainable construction in force at the time. 7. Consider the use of community energy networks in line with Policy SC2. 8. Carefully consider the conservation and enhancement of the special interest, character, appearance and significance of heritage assets and their setting, as part of the positive strategy for the conservation and enjoyment of, and clear strategy for enhancing, the historic environment as required by the NPPF. 9. Provide residents and businesses with access to a high quality telecommunications and ICT network. 10. Provide new social and commercial facilities and services to meet the day to day needs of new and existing residents. 11. Create strategic landscape boundaries to the outer edges of the development area and to soften the impact of the development on the adjacent and surrounding open countryside. Include a management and maintenance strategy which addresses for each type of open space and landscaping, who it will belong to, who will be responsible for maintaining it and how this will be funded over the long term. Such proposals should be formulated through discussion with the relevant responsible bodies, including Milton Keynes Council, The Parks Trust, Parish and Town Councils. 12. Take a strategic and integrated approach to flood management and provide a strategic and sustainable approach to water resource management, including Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) and flood risk mitigation, which look for opportunities for biodiversity enhancement through design. 13. Incorporate a foul drainage strategy for the site as a whole and for each phase. 14. The delivery of development will be through the Milton Keynes Tariff to provide for contributions to on- and off-site strategic and local infrastructure in an effective and timely way, assuming the development gains (outline) planning permission before a Community Infrastructure Levy Charging Schedule is adopted (or April 2014, whichever is sooner). This must include financial contributions to the improvement and extension of infrastructure and facilities in nearby existing settlements which are made necessary by the development. 15. Employment to contribute to the achievement of the Plan's employment objectives. 16. Homes with a range of sizes, types and tenure, including affordable housing in accordance with Policies HN1, and HN4. 17. Retail and commercial development of an appropriate scale to ensure the top-up convenience shopping needs of new and existing residents in the development area are met. 18. Dependent on the size of development, and in terms of the Council's current standards of provision, a range of community facilities, including schools and education facilities, health, sports and leisure facilities, provision for the emergency services and the voluntary sector to meet the needs of the new and existing residents. As far as possible these facilities should be located close to each other in accessible locations. 19. A proportionate contribution to new or upgraded transport infrastructure that is made necessary by the development. 20. Safeguard the proposed alignment of the Bedford to Milton Keynes waterway. 21. Technical work to be undertaken to fully assess the traffic impact of the development on the road network within the city, nearby town and district centres and adjoining rural areas, and to identify necessary improvements to public transport and to the road network, including parking.

NEWTON LEYS

A. The Council supports the principle of comprehensive development for this area including housing, employment, local shopping, recreation and community facilities. Employment uses include B2 and B8 uses related to the waste disposal and recycling operations on the waste management site. B. Development proposals for the Newton Leys area shall include: 1. Within the site, the safeguarding of a route for a link road between the A4146 Fenny Stratford bypass and the A421 Buckingham Road / H8 Standing Way. The need for this safeguarding will be reassessed as part of the future reviews of this Local Plan. 2. A landscape and open space buffer, between 50 and 250 metres wide, around the southern and eastern boundaries of the waste management site, with development phased to ensure at least a 150m buffer between the Newton Leys residential development and the active landfill area with a strategy to establish the sustainable management of the buffer over the long term. 3. A management and maintenance strategy which addresses for each type of open space and landscaping, who it will belong to, who will be responsible for maintaining it and how this will be funded over the long term. Such proposals should be formulated through discussion with the relevant responsible bodies including Milton Keynes Council, The Parks Trust, Parish and Town Councils. 4. A local centre including combined school, to meet the day to day needs of new and existing residents. 5. 30% affordable housing. 6. Land for a cemetery, with access via Selborne Avenue (2ha). 7. A positive strategy for the conservation, enjoyment of and enhancing the historic environment, by giving regard to the Historic Landscape Characterisation and Historic Environment Record as required by the NPPF. C. The Council will also seek: 1. The revocation of all outstanding mineral planning consents (without compensation). 2. Submission of an environmental statement with any planning application for comprehensive development of the area. 3. To enter into legal agreements with the landowner or developer to ensure that appropriate improvements to the physical and social infrastructure of the area are provided at the relevant time.

SOUTH EAST MILTON KEYNES STRATEGIC URBAN EXTENSION

A. Land is allocated at South East Milton Keynes – as shown on the Key Diagram and Policies Map – for a comprehensive residential-led mixed use development of approximately 3,000 dwellings to meet the needs of Milton Keynes up to 2031 and beyond. If the chosen corridor for the Oxford Cambridge Expressway (OCE) maintains the possibility that the OCE could be routed through the site, then planning permission for housing and associated uses will not be permitted until the detailed alignment of the OCE is known. B. In addition to the requirements set out in other policies within this plan, including Policies INF1, SD1, SD9 and SD10, development of the site will be required to: 1. Provide schools to accommodate seven forms of entry for secondary education and 6 forms of entry for primary education, as well as necessary nursery and early years provision. Schools should be capable of dual use

DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

A. The council wishes to see all premises on all new developments served by digital communication services that provide at least superfast broadband speeds, but will give preference to future proofed services providing Ultrafast speeds for all residents and businesses, for example using full fibre "fibre to the premises" (FTTP) technology. B. Developers must make sure that broadband services that meet the ambitions of the Digital Communications Infrastructure Strategy and the Digital Agenda for Europe are available, wherever practicable, to all residents of the development at market prices and are not restricted to one particular service provider. C. Developers are required to work with a recognised network carrier to design appropriate duct infrastructures, wherever practicable, for the development. D. Other forms of infrastructure, such as facilities supporting mobile phones, broadband and Wi-Fi, should be included, wherever viable and possible. E. Specific regard should be given to the delivery of new infrastructure to support mobile internet within Conservation Areas, or on/ adjacent to heritage assets. Such infrastructure should not be intrusive and should not have a negative impact on the character, integrity or setting of such assets and/or areas.

DELIVERING INFRASTRUCTURE

A. New development that generates a demand for infrastructure, facilities and resources will only be permitted if the necessary on and off-site infrastructure required to support and mitigate the impact of that development is either: 1. Already in place; or, 2. There is a reliable mechanism in place to ensure that infrastructure, facilities and resources will be delivered in the most appropriate places and at the earliest opportunity, to the required minimum high standards demanded by this Council and its partners. This might include improvements for highway schemes such as bus and rail provisions and enhancement for walking and cycling facilities, or the provision of improved and better connected green infrastructure, local health, shopping and recreational facilities. B. The Council will prepare a new Planning Obligations Supplementary Planning Document to cover infrastructure and service requirements, including site-specific infrastructure to be delivered through Section 106 agreements. Where a developer delivers early infrastructure in advance of, or prior to development, then the 'abnormal' costs of this infrastructure provision will be credited against future planning obligations for the site. C. Where appropriate, the Council will permit developers to provide the necessary infrastructure and facilities themselves as part of development proposals, rather than by making financial contributions, provided that these include funded proposals for long term management and maintenance. D. If applicable, the Council will give consideration to the likely timing of infrastructure provision. As such, development may need to be phased either spatially or over a period of time to ensure the provision of infrastructure is delivered in a timely manner and to meet the Council's expectations. Therefore, conditions or a planning obligation may be used to secure this phasing arrangement. All infrastructure provision should ensure that it is provided to meet the needs of future growth and take into account external growth of the site. E. In the case of a number of developments in close proximity, the Council will seek voluntary agreements from developers to contribute towards the costs of jointly required infrastructure, therefore improving the acceptability of the development, reducing the need for statutory S106 contributions and enhancing the attractiveness of the development to potential buyers. F. The above policy should be read in conjunction with Policy SD10 which outlines the Council's requirements for providing infrastructure provision for strategic urban extensions.

DELIVERY OF STRATEGIC URBAN EXTENSIONS

A. To ensure that Strategic Urban Extensions are brought forward in a strategic and comprehensive manner, planning permission will only be granted for land within Strategic Urban Extensions, following the approval by the Council of a comprehensive development framework, incorporating any necessary design codes, or phasing of development and infrastructure delivery, including green infrastructure delivery, for the Strategic Urban Extension as a whole. B. Development frameworks will be produced by the Council in conjunction with and with the support of the developer(s). Development frameworks will also be prepared in partnership with landowners, adjoining local planning authorities, parish or town councils, infrastructure providers, regional and local agencies and services, statutory consultees, the Parks Trust and other stakeholders. Development frameworks will be prepared in consultation with the local community. The Council will adopt development frameworks as supplementary planning documents to guide future planning applications.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR STRATEGIC URBAN EXTENSIONS

A. Proposals for Strategic Urban Extensions, and the documents required under SD10 to guide their development, should be prepared in accordance with the principles set out below. This policy will also be applied to any planning application(s) for unallocated strategic development sites. 1. To provide an appropriate amount of employment and retail uses consistent with the role of the site within the wider strategy and relevant policies guiding those types of uses in the Borough. 2. To provide the necessary social, grey and green infrastructure at the appropriate stage, rate and scale to support the proposed development, in accordance with an approved Infrastructure Delivery Plan. Strategic Urban Extensions will be expected to make a contribution proportionate to its scale and impact for the delivery of strategic infrastructure requirements identified in the Local Investment Plan. 3. To be supported by or incorporate: i. Environmental impact and transport assessment. ii. An archaeological investigation (with reference to the Historic Environment Record and further assessment if required) and consideration of the Historic Landscape Characterisation to inform the layout of development. iii. Design, land use, transport routes and mobility measures that integrate the Strategic Urban Extension with the existing built up area and enable future expansion beyond the Strategic Urban Extension where appropriate. iv. Where national planning policy indicates that urban expansion beyond the Strategic Urban Extension would be inappropriate and should be restricted, then the Strategic Urban Extension should incorporate layout and design features that create a permanent long-term development boundary. v. A green infrastructure and open space strategy to improve biodiversity, provide advanced structural planting, extend the "forest city" concept, create green road and street scenes, and incorporate public art and leisure and recreation facilities. vi. A management and maintenance strategy for open space and landscaping, outlining details of the owner, the responsible maintenance body, and how long term maintenance will be funded. vii. Planning obligations relating to the phasing of development and the provision of on-site and off-site infrastructure and facilities, to include land, capital and initial running costs. viii. The monitoring of biodiversity or green infrastructure improvement should be delivered in accordance with the relevant Development Brief.

REVIEW OF PLAN:MK

The Council commits to undertaking an early review of Plan:MK, with the submission of a draft plan for examination, containing strategic policies for the long-term growth of Milton Keynes, no later than December 2022. Following the completion of the Joint Strategic Growth Study and adoption of the Council's Strategy for 2050 in 2019, the review of Plan:MK will bring the delivery of the long-term aspirations for transformational growth into a statutory planning policy document. The parameters and format of the review will also reflect Milton Keynes' growth proposals within the context of a potential growth deal as well as progress on the delivery of the Government's wider Cambridge - Milton Keynes - Oxford Corridor growth agenda, including associated national infrastructure projects and a corridor-wide Joint Vision Statement anticipated in Spring 2019. The review will also develop and formalise, as appropriate, joint working arrangements with neighbouring authorities which may result in the preparation of a joint strategic plan on a wider geography.

SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY

The provision of new homes and jobs will take account of the settlement hierarchy set out in Table 4.2. The majority of development will be focussed on and adjacent to, the existing urban area of Milton Keynes at the locations specified in Table 4.2 and from selective infill, brownfield, regeneration and redevelopment opportunities. Within the rural area of the Borough most new development will be concentrated within the key settlements of Newport Pagnell, Olney and Woburn Sands. Elsewhere within the rural area new development will occur within villages and other rural settlements at locations identified in made neighbourhood plans.

PLACE-MAKING PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN EXTENSIONS IN ADJACENT LOCAL AUTHORITIES

A. It is expected that development proposals on the edge of Milton Keynes are likely to have significant impacts upon the infrastructure and services of Milton Keynes, particularly given the significant attractor Milton Keynes will be for any future residents. B. When and if development comes forward for an area on the edge of Milton Keynes which is wholly or partly within the administrative boundary of a neighbouring authority, this Council will put forward the following principles of development during the joint working on planning, design and implementation: 1. The local authorities will work jointly, and with infrastructure and services providers, to achieve a coordinated and well designed development. 2. A sustainable, safe and high quality urban extension should be created which is well integrated with, and accessible from, the existing city. Its structure and layout should be based on the principles that have shaped the existing city, especially the grid road system, redways and the linear parks and strategic, integrated flood management. 3. A strategic, integrated and sustainable approach to water resource management (including SUDS and flood risk mitigation) should be taken. 4. The design of development should respect its context as well as the character of the adjoining areas of the city. 5. Linear parks should be extended into the development where possible to provide recreational, walking and cycling links within the development area and to continue the city's extensive green infrastructure and redway network. 6. Technical work should be undertaken to fully assess the traffic impacts of the development on the road network within the city and nearby town and district centres and adjoining rural areas, and to identify necessary improvements to public transport and to the road network, including parking. 7. A route for the future construction of a strategic link road(s) and/or rail link should be protected where necessary. 8. New social and commercial facilities and services should be provided, and existing facilities improved where possible, to meet the day to day needs of new and existing residents. 9. The opportunity for new 'Park and Ride' sites for the city should be fully explored and where possible provided, and efficiently and effectively linked to the city road system. 10. The local authorities and their partner organisations should produce an agreement on appropriate mechanisms to secure developer contributions towards improvement and provision of infrastructure to support the development, including facilities in the city that will be used by residents of the development area.

ASSESSING EDGE OF CENTRE AND OUT OF CENTRE PROPOSALS

Sequential Test A. Proposals for main town centre uses which are outside defined Town Centre Areas and which are not on sites that are specifically allocated for such uses, will be subject to the sequential test as required by national planning policy. Furthermore, any such proposal should be readily accessible by a choice of means of transport, including public transport, cycle and on foot, and by people with disabilities, or that such accessibility can be provided. Impact Test B. Proposals for retail and leisure development which are outside a defined Town Centre, and which are not on sites that are specifically allocated for such uses, will be subject to an impact assessment as set out by national planning policy, subject to being above the following thresholds: 1. Central Milton Keynes - 900 sq.m (gross) 2. All Other Centres - 350 sq.m (gross) C. Furthermore, proposals for retail and leisure development over 900 sq.m (gross) which are within the city centre boundary of Central Milton Keynes but are outside the Primary Shopping Area (PSA) as shown on the Policies Map, and which are not on sites that are specifically allocated for such uses, will be subject to an impact assessment that seeks to assess the impact of the proposal on the PSA. This should include assessment of: 1. The impact of the proposal on existing, committed and planned public and private investment in the PSA; and 2. The impact of the proposal on vitality and viability of the PSA, including local consumer choice and trade in the PSA.

PROTECTION OF LOCAL SHOPS, POST OFFICES, BANKS AND PUBLIC HOUSES

A. Planning permission will be refused for changes of use that involve the loss of an existing shop, post office, bank and public house unless: 1. All means of retaining the use has been explored; and 2. The Council is satisfied that the existing use is no longer commercially viable. For shops in local centres within the city see policy ER13.

NEW SHOPS IN THE RURAL AREA

A. Planning permission will be granted for new shops in villages if: 1. The site is within the development boundary of the village or if no site is available adjacent to the village development boundary. 2. The shop will provide a local service. 3. The shop will be no more than 300 sq.m (gross) in size.

NON-RETAIL USES IN LOCAL CENTRES WITHIN THE CITY

A. Planning permission will be granted for non-retail uses in Local Centres within the city if: 1. At least one general convenience store will remain in the centre. 2. The proposed use would not adversely affect the amenity of neighbouring properties or the surrounding area.

NEW LOCAL CENTRES

A. Sites in the following areas are allocated for the provision of new Local Centres: 1. Brooklands (EEA) 2. Campbell Park 3. Eaton Leys 4. Newton Leys 5. Strategic Land Allocation (SLA) 6. Tattenhoe Park 7. Western Expansion Area (WEA) 8. Redhouse Park (inline with policy SD18) B. New local centres will also be required in new residential developments of 500 dwellings or more. They should be located so that the majority of all new dwellings are within 500 metres walking distance of a Local Centre.

CAR-RELATED RETAIL USES

A. Proposals for car showroom, servicing and other car-related retail uses will be permitted only in the following locations: 1. The Town centres of Kingston and Westcroft. 2. Employment Areas. B. Demonstration showrooms will be acceptable within CMK. C. Small-scale car servicing (but not showrooms or body shops) will be permitted in local centres in residential areas, providing: 1. There is good access for towed vehicles and delivery of parts. 2. The site is located to minimise 'bad neighbour' problems from noise or smell.

HOTEL AND VISITOR ACCOMMODATION

A. Planning permission will be granted for new hotel and other purpose–built visitor accommodation in CMK, town and district centres either as single use or as part of mixed-use development opportunities. The Council will also support the provision of new hotels and visitor accommodation to serve visitor attractions within the city. B. For rural visitor accommodation see policy ER8.

TOURISM, VISITOR AND CULTURAL DESTINATIONS

A. Planning permission will be granted for tourism, visitor and cultural development proposals within the city where: 1. The development is of a use, form and scale which does not harm the quality of the natural, built or historic environment; and 2. It benefits local communities; or 3. It strengthens the overall tourism offer. B. Culture and tourism development should be located first within town centres, then on the edge of town centres, and then at other accessible out of centre locations. C. For rural tourism see policy ER8.

NON-RETAIL USES ON GROUND FLOORS IN TOWN CENTRES

A. Planning permission will be granted for non-class A1 uses in town centres if they satisfy all of the following criteria: 1. The proposed use is appropriate within a town centre setting. 2. There is not an existing over-concentration of non-class A1 uses within the town centre boundary. 3. The general restrictions on the location and proportion of non-retail uses set out in table 6.3 are met. 4. The proposed use would enhance the vitality of the town centre by extending the range of facilities offered and/or stimulating activity outside normal shopping hours. 5. They would not have an adverse effect on any nearby residential property. 6. The proposed use would maintain an appropriate window display to avoid the creation of a dead frontage. B. Above ground floor level, proposals for residential (class C3) financial and professional services (class A2) and office floorspace (class B1a uses) will be encouraged. C. Non retail uses are defined as any use class other than class A1 (Shop uses) as defined in the 1987 Use Classes Order as amended.

RETAILING ON EMPLOYMENT LAND

A. Planning permission will be refused for retail development on employment land, unless the retail use is either: 1. Ancillary to on-site production or storage; or 2. Satisfies Policy ER15 concerning car-related retail uses.

CHARACTER AND FUNCTION OF THE SHOPPING HIERARCHY

A. Planning permission will be granted for additional retail development within the primary shopping areas of existing 'town centres' as defined in national policy, and for other main town centre uses appropriate within town centres such as leisure and entertainment and in accordance with the Council's defined retail hierarchy, to deliver the following objectives: 1. The primary shopping area within CMK will function and develop as a regional shopping centre for comparison shopping. CMK will also act as a centre catering for the daily and weekly convenience needs of its growing workforce and residential population. 2. The Town centres of Kingston, Westcroft, Bletchley and Wolverton will cater for the daily and weekly convenience and comparison shopping and service needs of their catchment populations. 3. The District centres of Newport Pagnell, Olney, Stony Stratford and Woburn Sands will function primarily as local shopping destinations catering for the shopping and service needs of their local catchment populations and in recognition of the constraints placed on their development by conservation and allied considerations. 4. Local centres: Existing local centres, as shown on the Policies Map and listed in Appendix G, will provide convenience shopping and service facilities in order to reduce car dependency and to ensure ready access by non-car owning households and other people with limited or impaired mobility. B. Planning permission will be granted for retail and service uses to serve new areas of residential development. The scale of retail and service provision provided within new areas of residential development will be determined in development frameworks for those areas to cater for the day to day shopping needs of the resident population and not to draw trade from a wider area.

RETAIL AND LEISURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

A. Over the plan period Milton Keynes Council will:- 1. Seek to grow and develop the Borough's retail, leisure, entertainment and cultural offer with main town centre uses developed within town centres. 2. Develop the primary shopping area of CMK as a regional shopping centre for comparison shopping. 3. Promote and support town centre development (including the night-time economy). 4. Promote the tourism and visitor economy particularly by encouraging the expansion of hotel and visitor accommodation in appropriate locations. 5. Plan for the provision of new shops, services and facilities in areas of new residential development. See also Policy ER9 6. Take the lead role in organising international design/development competitions for major strategic development sites, to ensure that Central Milton Keynes 20th century legacy of world class innovative civic design is carried forward into the 21st century. In CMK: B. Milton Keynes Council will: 1. Work with major investors and stakeholders in CMK to promote a CMK Renaissance. 2. Promote improvements to the public realm in CMK, especially in the Midsummer Boulevard East area. C. Demand for retail, leisure and cultural floorspace will be met either by the development of city centre sites already in the development pipeline, or by the development of vacant sites and the redevelopment of existing buildings. In Bletchley: D. Milton Keynes Council will prepare a Central Bletchley Prospectus to facilitate and promote mixed-use development around Bletchley

CHARACTER AND FUNCTION OF THE SHOPPING HIERARCHY

A. Planning permission will be granted for additional retail development within the primary shopping areas of existing 'town centres' as defined in national policy, and for other main

CENTRAL MILTON KEYNES - ROLE AND FUNCTION

A. Central Milton Keynes (CMK) will continue to be promoted as the focus for retail, office, residential, cultural and leisure activity within the context of the wider aspiration to provide a high quality environment and visitor experience. New development should make a positive contribution to improving the vitality of the city centre and should aim to improve the overall mix of uses. B. The retail core of CMK is the primary shopping area defined on the Policies Map as the area between Silbury Boulevard, Avebury Boulevard, Saxon Gate and Marlborough Gate. Improvements to the quality of the environment, public realm, including the natural environment and green spaces, and the shopping, leisure and cultural experience of this area will be sought. C. Small scale convenience retail and Use Class A3/A4 food and drink uses will continue to be supported as part of mixed use developments throughout CMK. New leisure uses will be promoted within the retail core to support the diversification of Milton Keynes' offer as a visitor destination. The Council will seek the development of community uses within CMK to cater for its growing residential population. D. The role of the City Centre as a major hub for financial, professional and business services will continue to be supported. The main location for additional office development will be the area between Saxon Gate, the Railway, Childs Way and Portway. E. Residential development will continue to be supported in CMK where it provides a range of well-designed good quality living environments.

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT NETWORK

A. The Council will promote a sustainable pattern of development in Milton Keynes, minimising the need to travel and reducing dependence on the private car. Milton Keynes Council will: 1. Promote a safe, efficient and convenient transport system 2. Promote transport choice, through improvements to public transport services and supporting infrastructure, and providing coherent and direct cycling and walking networks to provide a genuine alternative to the car 3. Promote improved access to key locations and services by all modes of transport and ensure good integration between transport modes 4. Manage congestion and provide for consistent journey times 5. Promote and improve safety, security and healthy lifestyles 6. Continue to engage with relevant stakeholders along the East-West Rail line and Expressway to identify operational benefits, which provide additional support for a more sustainable transport strategy and/or economic growth of the city 7. Engage with the National Infrastructure Commission to set in place connections from Central Milton Keynes to surrounding communities, including a fifth track constructed between Bletchley and Milton Keynes Central 8. Promote the usage of shared transport schemes in the borough

PARKING PROVISION

A. Development proposals should meet the following parking requirements: 1. All development should meet the Council's full parking standards, unless mitigating circumstance dictate otherwise. 2. On-site parking should not be reduced below the Council's full expectations if this would increase additional pressure in off-site parking that could not be resolved by on-street parking controls. 3. Parking areas should be well designed in terms of safety, circulation, appearance and assist access by pedestrians and cyclists. 4. All residential, retail and employment uses should provide electric vehicle charging points (EVCPs) in accordance with the current Milton Keynes Parking Standards, and provide a forward thinking approach. For locations of rapid and fast charging points see policy CT6 D.

MOVEMENT AND ACCESS

A. Development proposals will be required to minimise the need to travel, promote opportunities for sustainable transport modes, improve accessibility to services and support the transition to a low carbon future. Development proposals will be permitted that: 1. Integrate into our existing sustainable transport networks and do not have an inappropriate impact on the operation, safety or accessibility to the local or strategic highway networks; 2. Mitigate impacts on the local or strategic highway networks, arising from the development itself or the cumulative effects of development, through the provision of, or contributions towards necessary and relevant transport improvements including those secured by legal agreement; 3. Ensure that development proposals do not prejudice the future development or design of suitable adjoining sites; 4. Provide safe, suitable and convenient access for all potential users; 5. Provide on-site layouts that are compatible for all potential users with appropriate parking and servicing provision in line with the Milton Keynes Parking Standards Supplementary Planning Document (January 2016); 6. Do not result in inappropriate traffic generation or compromise highway safety; 7. Offer maximum flexibility in the choice of travel modes, including walking and cycling, shared transport, and with accessibility for all potential users; 8. Protect and where possible enhance access to public rights of way; 9. Provide a public transport connection to the main points of service provision including nearest district or town centre, or community facilities; and 10. Where possible incorporate the use of shared transport and low carbon "green" travel modes such as electric vehicle charging capacity. B. Development proposals that generate significant amounts of movement or impact on level crossings must be supported by a Transport Statement or Transport Assessment and will normally be required to provide a Travel Plan, with mitigation implemented as required. Development proposals which generate a significant number of heavy goods vehicle movements will be required to demonstrate, by way of a Routing Management Plan, that no severe impacts are caused to the efficient and safe operation of the road network and no material harm is caused to the living conditions of residents or the natural environment.

WALKING AND CYCLING

A. The Council will support developments which enable people to access employment, essential services and community facilities by walking and cycling. In particular: 1. The layout of the external environment, including links to adjoining areas should provide attractive, convenient, direct, safe, secure and easy-to follow pedestrian and cycle routes that are well connected to the existing network. Primary cycling routes such as those to Central Milton Keynes and public transport hubs should be as direct and uninterrupted as possible, e.g. along grid road corridors; 2. Incorporate measures to minimise vehicle speed and give priority to pedestrians and cyclists; 3. Create safe, well lit, convenient and attractive walking and cycling connections to existing developments, neighbourhoods, jobs and services. Locations that are a deterrent to pedestrians and cyclists should be improved, including crossing points at roads; 4. A Transport Statement or Transport Assessment should be undertaken to ensure that the impact of proposed new development at existing level crossings is assessed by developers, and suitable mitigation incorporated within the development proposals; 5. The existing redway, footway and right of way network should be retained, improved and extended to the current Redway design standards; 6. Provide supporting facilities including wayfinding, pick up points, secure cycle parking, electric bike charging facilities and, where necessary, shower and changing facilities; 7. Facilitate cycle hire schemes through the provision of land and/or planning obligations, where relevant, to ensure the provision of sufficient capacity; 8. The Council's priorities for improving access and conditions for pedestrians and cyclists are: i. Routes from nearby settlements to Milton Keynes City. ii. The Redway Super Route Network. iii. Routes to and within Central Milton Keynes and Town Centres. iv. The National Cycle Network.

CROSSOVER ON REDWAYS

New development proposals should aim to protect and enhance the existing redways in the Borough. Where development proposes to crossover or remove an existing section of a redway, a safe crossover or convenient alternative route should be provided, which safeguards the existing network and does not impede or comprises the safety of highway users.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

A. Development proposals must be designed to meet the needs of public transport operators and users. In particular: 1. Road layouts must include direct, convenient and safe public transport routes and be free of obstructive parking; 2. Public Transport priority measures must be implemented, where appropriate; 3. Where appropriate and necessary, all houses and most other developments must be no more than 400m from a bus stop; 4. Bus stops must have good pedestrian access, be open to public supervision and be sheltered where appropriate; and 5. Specific consideration must be given to the provision of public transport services in planning new development.

LOW EMISSION VEHICLES

A. The Council will maximise the use of sustainable transport in developments, and support low carbon public and personal transport such as electric cars and buses. B. The Council will require new facilities for low emission vehicles to be integrated into new major development schemes where local centres are proposed. C. All new developments will be required to provide electric charging points in line with standards set out in the Milton Keynes Parking Standards. D. Rapid and fast charging points will be located throughout Milton Keynes as well as at key locations including Central Milton Keynes, employment sites, railway stations, major retail and visitor destinations, outside schools, local centres and car parks. E. To maximise the use of sustainable modes of transport, new residential developments will be required to provide electric charging points, at a rate of 1 charging point per dwelling at each dwelling.

FREIGHT

A. The Council will continue to work with its partners to ensure fast and efficient movement of freight. B. Development involving the transfer of freight from road to rail or canal will be encouraged. C. Planning permission will be refused for development that would prejudice these schemes or lead to the loss of existing freight transfer facilities, unless equivalent alternative facilities are provided elsewhere. D. Planning permission will not be granted for development that would prejudice the implementation of national infrastructure projects including East West Rail and Oxford to Cambridge Expressway. The Council will continue to work with transport providers and stakeholders to minimise impacts and maximise the potential benefits from the proposal. E. New development proposals that require new junction or motorway improvements will produce travel assessments to assess the traffic impact of freight to and from the site. F. For development involving the transfer of freight see Freight Strategy. G. For bad neighbour uses see policy ER6.

GRID ROAD NETWORK

A. The grid road network is a unique characteristic of Milton Keynes, as it allows quick vehicle movement of through traffic – cars and public transport – across and through MK and enabling the separation of local traffic movements in residential neighbourhoods and employment areas within grid squares. The Council will conserve and enhance its iconic grid road system whilst safeguarding the corridors for possible mass transit schemes. B. The complementary 'redway' network alongside the grid roads allows for the safe and efficient movement of pedestrians and cyclists through MK, with grade separated crossings of the grid roads via bridges or underpasses. C. Opportunities for extending the grid road system design and redway super network route into any major new development areas will be required to ensure that the grid continues to function effectively and sufficient land/corridors are safeguarded for future highway/transit links around the district to accommodate and manage increased travel demands changing and future travel demands. The Council will also seek to extend grid roads and redway super network route to link with new cross-boundary developments. New grid roads should also include green infrastructure buffers to improve air quality, reduce noise and vibration and enhance the landscape and result in a net gain in biodiversity. D. New grid roads will be designed with the following characteristics: 1. Grid roads will run in generous multi-functional green infrastructure reservations (which are designed to allow for future upgrading to dual carriageways if and when required); 2. Grid roads will also accommodate main services, and landscaping of appropriate road surfaces to protect adjacent development from the noise and visual intrusion of traffic and give a green character to the road. Where possible, grid roads will incorporate a bund providing additional protection; 3. Grid roads will also be designed for use by public transport and for alternative forms of transport if required [eg electric cars/driverless cars], with bus laybys at intersections with pedestrian bridges and underpasses and controlled crossings where appropriate; 4. Grid Road Reserves will be identified in order to safeguard further potential extension of the grid and enable future development to access the grid; 5. Grid road reservations should be 80m in width where residential is on each side and 60m where other land uses occur; 6. Junction spacings will be set out as in MK Planning Manual. Redways should be setback 3m from the carriageway; 7. In order to improve pedestrian safety, in line with the Planning Manual, development incursions would be considered permissible within the grid road reserves at "points of connection", for example where redways pass underneath the grid road and at bus stops. This might include local centres and housing which should be designed to provide surveillance over the underpass or bus stop. This development should not however constrain the overall 60m width such that it prejudices future transport systems from being implemented. The overall green character and multi-functional green infrastructure of the grid road reserves should also still be maintained. The effect should be a green corridor punctuated at "points of connection" by development. This development could also have the important benefit of assisting with wayfinding around the grid road system, especially for visitors; 8. There are cross-border locations where MK Council considers that the extension of the grid road network, as part of new or future development allocations, will provide benefits to both local communities in MK and those in the adjacent district, as well as provide much needed connections to the strategic road network. Milton Keynes Council will seek the safeguarding of grid road connections and extensions or reserves through joint working and consultation responses to neighbouring authorities' local plan policy, or its response to planning applications in adjacent districts; and 9. As MK's Mobility Plan develops, it is possible that some areas will be designated for higher densities, with a different relationship to grid roads and public transport corridors. An appropriate specification for that relationship will be produced at that time. The specification will only apply to those designated areas.

CENTRAL MILTON KEYNES - CONNECTIVITY

A. Measures to improve accessibility to and within Central Milton Keynes will be supported, including: 1. Smart, shared, sustainable mobility. 2. An enhanced and high quality network of pedestrian/cycle routes public open spaces and squares, and green infrastructure. 3. Improvements to and prioritisation of pedestrian and cycle accessibility. 4. Integration of public transport.